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Conference 7.286::space

Title:Space Exploration
Notice:Shuttle launch schedules, see Note 6
Moderator:PRAGMA::GRIFFIN
Created:Mon Feb 17 1986
Last Modified:Thu Jun 05 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:974
Total number of notes:18843

265.0. "Locations for Manned Spacecraft" by BOEHM::DENSMORE (get to the verbs) Wed Mar 04 1987 11:04

This is from Space World, Oct 1985.  Reprinted from a reprint without
permission.  Posted in the Model Rocketry and Space conferences.

List of known locations of spacecraft:

	Mercury #1	Goddard Museum, Roswell NM.
	Mercury MA-1	Recovered in 1981. In storage in Kissimee FL.
			Owner undetermined.
	Mercury		Oklahoma Aviation & Space Hall of Fame,
	"Adios 'M.F.'"	Oklahoma City, OK.
	Mercury MA-2	NASA, Kennedy Space Center, FL.
	Mercury MR-1A	McDonnell-Douglas, St Louis, MO.
	Mercury #?	Junkyard near Kennedy Space Center, FL.
	Mercury MR-3	National Air and Space Museum, (NASM),
			Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
	Mercury #9	North Carolina Museum of Life and Science,
			Durham, NC.
	Mercury MA-6	NASM, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
	Mercury MA-7	Hong Kong Space Museum, Hong Kong.
	Mercury MA-8	NASA, Alabama Space and Rocket Center, Huntsville, AL.
	Mercury MA-9	NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX.
	Mercury #10	Kansas Cosmosphere and Discovery Center, Hutchinson,
			KS.
	Mercury #17(?)	Hall of Science, Queens, NY.
	Mercury #12B	National Luchtvaart Museum, Schipol, Netherlands.
	Mercury #14	NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA.
	Mercury #15B	NASA, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA.
	Mercury #19	Swiss Museum of Transport, Lucerne, Switzerland.

	Gemini 1A(?)	Hall of Science, Queens, NY.
	Gemini 2	USAF Space Museum, Cape Canaveral, FL.
	Gemini MSHO	NASA, Alabama Space and Rocket Center, Huntsville,
	 #1890		AL.
	Gemini 2A	Kansas Cosmosphere and Discovery Center, Hutchinson,
			KS.
	Gemini #?	USAF Museum, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH.
	Gemini 3	Grissom Memorial Museum, Mitchell, IN.
	Gemini #?	Florence Air and Missile Museum, Florence, SC.
	Gemini 4	NASM, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
	Gemini 5	NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX.
	Gemini 6A	McDonnell Planetarium, St Louis, MO.
	Gemini 7	NASM, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
	Gemini 8	Neil Armstrong Museum, Wapakoneta, OH.
	Gemini 9A	NASA, Kennedy Space Center, FL.
	Gemini 10	Swiss Museum of Transport, Lucerne, Switzerland.
	Gemini 11	NASA, Ames Center, Mountain View, CA.
	Gemini 12	NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.
	Gemini		Manchester Air and Space Museum, Manchester,
	  Paraglider	England

	Apollo 1	NASA, Langley, Hampton, VA.  (In storage)
	Apollo 2	Kansas Cosmosphere and Discovery Museum, Hutchinson,
			KS.
	Apollo 4	North Carolina Museum of Life and Science, Durham,
			NC.
	Apollo 6	Fernbank Science Center, Atlanta, GA
	Apollo 7	National Museum of Science and Technology, Ottawa,
			Canada.
	Apollo 8	Chicago Museum of Science and Technology, Chicago,
			IL.
	Apollo 9	Michigan Space Center, Jackson, MI.
	Apollo 10	Science Museum, London, England.
	Apollo 11	NASM, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
	Apollo 12	NASA, Langley Center, Hampton, VA.
	Apollo 13	Musee de l'Air, Paris, France.
	Apollo 14	Rockwell International, Downey, CA.  (to Los
			Angeles County Museum in 1985)
	Apollo 15	USAF Museum, Dayton, OH.
	Apollo 16	NASA, Alabama Space and Rocket Center, Huntsville,
			AL.
	Apollo 17	NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX.
	LTA-1		Cradle of Aviation Museum, Garden City, NY.
	TM-3		Junkyard near Kennedy Space Center, FL.
	LM-2		NASM, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
	LTA-3		NASA, Alabama Space and Rocket Center, Huntsville,
			AL.
	LTA-8		NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX.
	LM-9		NASA, Kennedy Space Center, FL.
	LM-13 (for	Cradle of Aviation Museum, Garden City, NY.
	 Apollo 18)
	LM-14 (for	Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, PA.
	 Apollo 19)

	Skylab 1B	NASM, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
	Skylab #?	Junkyard near Kennedy Space Center, FL.
	Skylab 2	Naval Aviation Museum, Pensacola, FL.
	Skylab 3	NASA, Ames Center, Mountain View, CA.
	Skylab 4	NASM, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
	Apollo-Soyuz	NASA, Kennedy Space Center, FL.
	Apollo-Soyuz 1B	NASM, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

	Space Shuttle	Edward AFB (to Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
	 ENTERPRISE	DC in 1986)
T.RTitleUserPersonal
Name
DateLines
265.1RE 265.0EDEN::KLAESFleeing the Cylon Tyranny.Wed Mar 04 1987 11:4814
    	You forgot to mention that Gus Grissom's LIBERTY BELL 7 (MR-2?)
    is resting somewhere at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, as are
    parts of the Space Shuttle CHALLENGER (OV-99).  The rest of the
    CHALLENGER was put into abandoned missle silos (anyone know where
    and which ones?), and some parts I believe were given to the families
    of the astronauts.
    
    	Also, some of the old, unused Apollo Lunar Modules are for the most
    part rotting away in some obscure junkyard, while a few are on display
    in museums in the U.S. and Japan.  Any more details on these LM's
    whereabouts and conditions? 
                   
    	Larry
    
265.2Reasonably sure: MINUTEMAN I silos.BCSE::WMSONIllegitimi non carborundumWed Mar 04 1987 12:5812
    The only below ground silos that I know of ever being sunk below
    ground on Cape Canaveral were the two silos and associated equipment
    rooms out near the point of the Cape that were used for 
    Minuteman I launches.  From the description I read in the news I
    am reasonably sure that they were used for the storage of CHALLENGER.
    
    The only other thing I know of being sunk into the ground on the
    Cape was the Baldwin Locomotive Ship Simulator Platform used for
    Polaris 1 launches.
    
    					Bill
    
265.3MONSTR::HUGHESGary HughesWed Mar 04 1987 12:5910
    There is a junkyard near the Cape full of Apollo hardware. There
    may be some LM stuff there.
    
    I think they used old Minuteman test silos at the Cape to store the
    Challenger debris.
    
    It would be interesting to match the more obscure spacecraft to
    flights/launchers.
    
    gary
265.4wonder how/where they would display it?BOEHM::DENSMOREget to the verbsWed Mar 04 1987 13:2710
    I should have added that the article mentioned that some of these
    spacecraft never flew.  Aside from the more obvious ones, some of
    the Mercury capsules were for static testing.
    
    Anyone know if the Enterprise has actually been sent to NASM?  I
    was there very briefly last month but did not go through the entire
    museum as it was very close to closing time ( :-(  ).  If I had
    known of the plan, I would have asked someone at the museum.
    
    						Mike
265.5UFP::LARUEJeff LaRue - MAA Senior Network ConsultantWed Mar 04 1987 13:5416
    The space shuttle Enterprise is currently in storage at Dulles airport,
    just outside of Washington D.C.  The last time I went by there,
    it was (still?) sitting outside and readily visible to passersby.
    
    The Enterprise was officially presented to the National Air & Space
    Museum a few months back.  The current plans are for the shuttle
    to become the major attraction at a new facility to be built at
    Dulles...sort of a remote addition to the NASM.  According to the
    magazine "Air & Space" (published by the Smithsonian), other aircraft
    to be displayed at this new facilty will include the Enola Gay!!

    To date, I have not seen any date for the start of construction
    for this facility.......
    
    
    					-Jeff
265.6Enterprise locationGOLD::ROLLERWed Mar 04 1987 13:544
    I believe that the Enterprise is at the Silver Spring, Md. restoration
    facility.  At least that's what I've read.
    
    	Ken Roller
265.7UFP::LARUEJeff LaRue - MAA Senior Network ConsultantWed Mar 04 1987 14:2415
    Re: .6
    
    The Smithsonian's Silver Hill facility (...Silver Spring is someplace
    else nearby...) is used by the museum as both a restoration facilty
    as well as a storage facilty for those air(craft) exihibits that
    either will not fit into the current NASM building or are not currently
    on display (...they actually do rotate their aircraft...).
    
    The Enterprise is stored at Dulles for the simple reason that it
    took the NASA Boeing 747 shuttle carrier to get it there......."there"
    requiring a large airport!
    
    
    			-Jeff
    
265.8Silver Hill infoECADSR::KINZELMANPaul KinzelmanWed Mar 04 1987 17:265
The Enola Gay is at the Silver Hill facility and it's really fascinating.
They only give guided tours and it's not usually crowded since not many
people know about it. For more info, call 202-357-1400. The tourguides are
volunteer, and if you're lucky, you'll get somebody that actually flew some
of the planes there.
265.9Storage at NAS Norfolk?EUCLID::PAULHUSChris @ MLO 8-3/T13 DTN 223-6871Thu Mar 05 1987 13:306
    About 15 years ago, I did some consulting work at the Naval Air
    Station at Norfolk, VA.  Off the main road in to the station could
    be seen some blackened re-entry capsules of some sort, sitting outdoors
    next to some little-used buildings.  I wonder if they could have been
    the Mercury/other units 'in storage' for NASA at Hampton,VA?                 
      - Chris 
265.10RE: 265.1CHEV02::MARSHJeffrey Marsh, DTN 474-5739Fri Mar 06 1987 00:105
    >    in museums in the U.S. and Japan.  Any more details on these LM's
    >    whereabouts and conditions? 
                   
    I know where you can find six LM descent stages that are probablly
    still in pretty good condition!  :-)
265.11RE 265.10EDEN::KLAESFleeing the Cylon Tyranny.Fri Mar 06 1987 09:1010
    	I hope that when we return to Luna and begin colonizing it,
    that the Apollo landing sites and unmanned lunar landers (Surveyor,
    Luna, Lunakhod) will be preserved and left as historical landmarks.
    
    	I hope the same occurs for the probes on the other planets,
    such as the Veneras and Pioneers on Venus, and the Mars and Viking
    probes on Mars.
    
    	Larry
    
265.12A11 LM Still Floating Somewhere!VMSDEV::FISHERBurns Fisher 381-1466, ZKO1-1/D42Fri Mar 06 1987 11:5410
    The Apollo 11 LM (minus descent stage) is still orbiting around
    the sun somewhere isn't it?  I know they did not crash that one
    into the moon to create quakes like they did subsequent ones.  That
    was how they got enough data on how the LM performs in extremis
    to be able to do some of the stunts they did on Apollo 13.  (Plug
    for getting knowledge without any practical objective in mind goes
    here!)
    
    Burns
    
265.13WHERE ARE THE SOVIET SPACECRAFT?EDEN::KLAESFleeing the Cylon Tyranny.Fri Mar 06 1987 13:065
    	Does anyone have any records on what and where the Soviets have
    their manned space capsules?
    
    	Larry
    
265.14CHEV02::MARSHJeffrey Marsh, DTN 474-5739Fri Mar 06 1987 16:1523
    RE:  .12
    
>   The Apollo 11 LM (minus descent stage) is still orbiting around
>   the sun somewhere isn't it?  I know they did not crash that one
    
    I don't know for sure, but I would guess that the LM is in orbit
    around the moon, if anywhere.  As I recall, they seperated the (used)
    LM ascent stage from the command/service module *before* the burn to
    leave lunar orbit (saves fuel).  This would mean the LM stayed in
    lunar orbit.


    RE:  .11
        
>   I hope that when we return to Luna and begin colonizing it,
>   that the Apollo landing sites and unmanned lunar landers (Surveyor,
>   Luna, Lunakhod) will be preserved and left as historical landmarks.
    
    A good idea.  Arthur C. Clarke wrote about this in "Imperial Earth."
    He imagined that the blast from the LM ascent blew over the American
    flag planted there.  This caused a big debate over whether it should
    be stood up again or just left "as found."  :-)
                
265.15RE 265.14EDEN::KLAESFleeing the Cylon Tyranny.Fri Mar 06 1987 16:3510
    	Clarke did NOT imagine that Apollo 11's LM ascent blast knocked
    the U.S. flag over - it really did!  The soil was difficult to
    penetrate, and the astronauts could only get the flag staff in a
    few inches, too weak to support the flag against a rocket blast.
    	A real shame, in my opinion.  They should stand it up again.
    
    	I believe they solved that problem on the later Apollo flights.
    
    	Larry
    
265.16The LM Ascent engine take it out of lunar orbitVMSDEV::FISHERBurns Fisher 381-1466, ZKO1-1/D42Wed Mar 11 1987 10:1311
    re .14 and the A11 LM being in lunar orbit:  Yes they do separate
    the LM from the CM before TEI.  In most (all?) of the missions after
    A11 (excluding 13, of course), they burned the ascent engine in
    such a way as to crash the LM onto the moon to make a seismic event
    to calibrate the instruments left behind.  In A11, I believe they
    burned the LM ascent engine to make it leave lunar orbit and it
    ended up in solar orbit.  I will try to remember to check when I
    get home.
    
    Burns
    
265.17I'll be darned...PRAGMA::GRIFFINDave GriffinThu Mar 19 1987 23:374
    Gee, and I was under the impression that the LM ascent engine was
    a solid-fueled animal...
    
    - dave
265.18RE 265.17EDEN::KLAESLasers in the jungle.Fri Mar 20 1987 09:335
    	No - it wasn't until the Space Shuttle that solid rockets were
    used for manned flights.
    
    	Larry
    
265.19MONSTR::HUGHESGary HughesFri Mar 20 1987 11:4513
    re .17
    
    Yes and no. The shuttle was the first vehicle to use solids for major
    propulsion on a manned flight, but many other manned flights have
    used solids for things like launch escape systems and retrorockets
    for reentry.
    
    On a more trivial note, the first use of large solids for manned
    flights was to have been the Titan-3C/X-20 which later became the
    Titan-3M for the MOL program. The solids went through whatever testing
    is involved for them to be 'man rated'.
    
    gary
265.20Recovering MERCURY 4 from the Atlantic floorMTWAIN::KLAESN = R*fgfpneflfifaLFri Mar 03 1989 09:0536
Newsgroups: sci.space
Path: decwrl!ucbvax!FNAL.BITNET!HIGGINS
Subject: Recovering sunken Mercury capsule
Posted: 2 Mar 89 00:13:00 GMT
Organization: The Internet
 
    This popped up in the February 1989 issue of *Sea Technology*
(Volume 30, No. 1, page 9), an ocean engineering trade magazine.
Headline is "Texas Group Gets Go-Ahead to Salvage *Liberty Bell 7*
Capsule." 
 
    Gus Grissom's Mercury capsule sank, as everybody knows, in 5000
meters of ocean on 21 July 1961. NASA has now sanctioned an attempt by
Subsurface Technologies (Subtek), of Fort Worth, to recover it.  They
have a new widget called EMS-3, vaguely described as combining several
metal detection and electronics technologies, which "scans the sea
bottom to locate targets but also can 'see' several thousand feet
[!--WSH] below the ocean floor." 
 
    I guess if you had a new sensor technology and you needed
investors, it would make sense to grab publicity by going after some
fairly famous underwater target.  The *Titanic* is taken, and the Loch
Ness Monster is too slippery.  *Liberty Bell 7* seems like a good
choice. I sure wonder how this thing works. Well, if I get *really*
curious, I can always phone Fort Worth. 
 
                      ______meson   Bill Higgins
                   _-~
     ____________-~______neutrino   Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
   -   -         ~-_
 /       \          ~----- proton   Bitnet: [email protected]
 |       |
 \       /  NEW!  IMPROVED!         SPAN/Hepnet/Physnet: 43011::HIGGINS
   -   -    Now comes with Free
     ~  Nobel Prizewinner Inside!   Internet: HIGGINS%[email protected]

265.21The LIBERTY BELL 7 FoundationMTWAIN::KLAESN = R*fgfpneflfifaLThu Apr 06 1989 19:0530
    April issue of "Skin Diver" (p. 122) has a note about the planned
recovery of Liberty Bell 7.  Note says Subsurface Technologies
(Subtek), a Fort Worth, TX organization specializing in underwater
artifact recovery, has been given NASA sanction to recover the
capsule.  Subtek has created the Liberty Bell 7 Recovery Foundation to
run the operation.  Capsule will be located with a Subtek-developed
device called EMS-3; no details on it.  Capsule is at 5000 meters,
"the deepest manned recovery ever attempted."  Recovery will be
carried live from "a deep diving research submarine with specially
designed underwater television cameras" and a "floating marine
archaeology facility with live television broadcasting capabilities."
Subtek also plans to recover Spanish treasure ships and give artifacts
to museums.  Contacts:  Robert Fuller or Larry Moore, Liberty Bell 7
Foundation, 6618 Azle Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76135, (817) 237-5490. 
 
    Hal Mueller                  [email protected]
    Grad Student, CS Dept.       n270ca@tamunix (Bitnet)
    Texas A&M University         (409) 846-5462
 
    Along the lines, what other nifty spacecraft are lying in the ocean?  
There must be dozens of V-2s off the English coast, plus a few launched 
in 1946 and 1947 from Cape Canaveral and the USS Norton Sound. 
 
    A few years ago, someone mentioned some Apollo hardware was in the
ocean (I think it was the LEM from Apollo-13). 
 
    Could someone post a brief list of the most interesting or
historic space hardware at the bottom of the sea (preferably with
approximate location and depth)? 
  
265.22LM burned up (mostly)POBOX::KAPLOWSet the WAYBACK machine for 1982Thu Apr 06 1989 19:226
        While the Apollo 13 LM (Aquarius, appropriately enough) remains
        are in the ocean somewhere, it certainly did not survive reentry.
        This would be true of most other space debris, from ET pieces to
        bits of Skylab. Last summer I saw the largest piece of Skylab that
        was recovered, a glass wound tank of some sort. It is on display
        at the space camp/museum in Huntsville. 
265.23DECWIN::FISHERBurns Fisher 381-1466, ZKO3-4/W23Mon Apr 17 1989 17:247
I think there are probably a few Mariners in the drink of KFC due to launch
failures.  However, while they are probably in better shape than the
A-13 LM, they are probably not in NEARLY as good a shape as LB7.  I can't
think, offhand, of anything else that SOFTlanded which might be under the
waves.

Burns
265.24NASA allows MERCURY 4 to be recoveredRENOIR::KLAESN = R*fgfpneflfifaLSun Sep 24 1989 16:1928
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: LIBERTY BELL 7 (MERCURY 4) recovery.
Date: 22 Sep 89 04:34:00 GMT
 
    Here is a news item out of a scuba diving newspaper that should be
of interest to all: 
 
    Apparently, NASA has given the go ahead for a group based in Fort
Worth, Texas to recover Gus Grissom's LIBERTY BELL 7.  According to
the article, the new submersible technologies make such a recovery
possible.  There's a toll free number for more information: 
800-752-3557.  Or you can call/write the group at: 

    Foundation Headquarters
    8818 Azle Ave.
    Fort Worth, TX  76135
    (817) 237-5490
  
******************************************************************************
George Tahu                     Domain: [email protected]
Tandy Electronics		  UUCP: ...!texbell!letni!trsvax!jack
Fort Worth, Texas                   or: ...!decvax!microsoft!trsvax!jack
******************************************************************************
 Diplomacy : The art of saying "nice doggy", until you can find a big rock.
 Disclaimer: As usual, Tandy Electronics has nothing to do with my opinions..
******************************************************************************
                                      
265.25Apollo 1 changes location4347::GRIFFINDave GriffinThu May 03 1990 14:4075
From: [email protected] (WILLIAM HARWOOD, UPI Science Writer)
Newsgroups: clari.tw.space,clari.news.interest.people
Subject: Apollo 1 capsule to join Challenger debris
Keywords: space, science, people, human interest
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: 1 May 90 19:43:56 GMT
Lines: 67


	CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (UPI) -- The charred shell of the Apollo 1
capsule in which three astronauts died in 1967 will be moved to Florida
and sealed inside two abandoned missile silos, joining the debris of the
Challenger disaster in a permanent space tomb, NASA announced Tuesday.
	The charred Apollo 1 capsule, its heat shield and 81 cartons of
hardware and ``investigative material'' will be moved from Langley
Research Center in Hampton, Va., to the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
on about May 20.
	``Until about 10 years ago the container (holding the material) was
kept in a low-pressure nitrogen atmosphere to minimize corrosion. The
container has been deteriorating and several small leaks have
developed,'' a NASA statement said.
	``Routine repairs were made to the container, but due to its age it
cannot be effectively maintained on a continuing basis,'' it said. ``To
recover storage area and to gain relief from the open-ended maintenance
required on the storage containers, NASA decided to place the Apollo ...
hardware in permanent storage in the missile silo.''
	The Apollo 1 fire, NASA's first disaster, happened the night of
Jan. 27, 1967 -- 19 years and one day before the Challenger disaster.
	Astronauts Virgil ``Gus'' Grissom, Edward H. White and Roger B.
Chaffee climbed aboard their Apollo capsule at launch complex 34 after
an early lunch for a routine ``plugs out'' test in which the sealed
spaceship would be disconnected from ground power for a crucial launch
simulation.
	Locked inside by a cumbersome hatch, the astronauts were breathing
pure oxygen, which was standard procedure. The test quickly fell behind
schedule because of a variety of problems and near sunset, a
communications problem caused another 10-minute delay.
	Then, at 6:31 p.m., the men in the blockhouse and in the launch pad
``white room'' heard a terrifying cry over the radio from inside the
capsule: ``There is a fire in here.''
	Pad leader Donald Babbit yelled to co-worker James Gleaves: ``Get
them out of there!'' seconds before flame erupted from the moonship.
	The men in the white room, gasping for air, struggled in vain to
open the capsule while controllers in the blockhouse sat paralyzed with
horror.
	RCA employee Gary Propst, watching the capsule on closed-circuit
television from the blockhouse, said later the flame steadily rose for
about three minutes and that he could see the arms of one of the
astronauts inside the burning capsule struggling to open the complex
hatch.
	``Blow the hatch, why don't they blow the hatch?'' he yelled,
according to a NASA history. But the Apollo 1 capsule was not equipped
with explosive bolts on its main hatch.
	Finally, 5.5 minutes after the fire started, the hatch was open and
14 minutes after the first outcry, physicians G. Fred Kelly and Allan
Harter reached the astronauts. An autopsy blamed death on asphyxiation
from toxic gases.
	The disaster later was blamed on frayed wiring that set the stage
for a short circuit and spark that ignited flammable equipment in the
pure-oxygen cabin atmosphere.
	Challenger was destroyed 73 seconds after blastoff Jan. 28, 1986,
by the failure of the ship's right-side solid-fuel rocket booster.
	Commander Francis ``Dick'' Scobee, co-pilot Michael Smith, Ellison
Onizuka, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, satellite engineer Gregory Jarvis
and New Hampshire school teacher Christa McAuliffe were killed in
history's worst space disaster.
	Remains of all seven astronauts later were recovered from the
shattered remains of Challenger's crew cabin, but NASA was unable to
determine the exact cause of death, saying the astronauts probably
passed out shortly after the shuttle's break up.
	The wreckage amounts to some 20,000 cubic feet of debris, and many
major components of the shuttle were never even brought to shore because
they were not vital to the accident investigation. For example,
Challenger's nearly intact left wing still lies at the bottom of the
Atlantic Ocean.
265.26The Cosmosphere in Kansas26523::KLAESThe Universe, or nothing!Mon Jun 18 1990 14:3174
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Cosmosphere
Date: 18 June 90 16:17:05 GMT
Reply-To: [email protected] (R. Michael Smithwick -- FSN)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Mtn Vw CA 94035
 
    In article <[email protected]> [email protected] 
(Harry Burford) writes: 

>[email protected] ("Bill Ball") writes:
>
>>In a note of 30 may [email protected] mentions some museums including
>>"the Cosmosphere near Kansas City". Can anyone provide me with more
>>info on this place?
>>((( Bill Ball c476721@UMCVMB ) Dept. Pol. Sci. ) U. Mo.-Columbia )
>>internet: [email protected]
>
>The Cosmosphere is located in Hutchinson Kansas just north west of 
>Wichita 316-622-2305.  There you will find a large collection of
>space artifacts as well as an OmniMAX theater.  The folks at the
>Cosmosphere are recognized for their talents at space craft 
>restoration and there are several one of a kind objects on display
>in their museum.  
 
    The Cosmosphere is a wonderful place.  I went back there several
years ago and was permitted to probe around their warehouses and back
rooms. 
 
    The full-scale Lunar Module is the NBC mockup which they restored
using many authentic LM parts (I got to go up inside the thing, but
it was pretty ratty then). 
 
    They have a scale model of the Sputnik that was loaned to the
Smithsonian by the USSR during the Bicentennial. In return we loaned
them some of our space pieces.  They never returned them so we kept 
the Sputnik. 
 
    They also have the backup Explorer 1 satellite, and what is
considered the world's best space suit collection. 
 
    I was also shown a box full of the original silk-screens used for
the real Apollo flight patches, backup panels to the Apollo-Soyuz
docking adapter, and the Skylab blueprints.  Max Ary (the curator) told
me some heartbreaking stories about collecting the material.  For
instance, he showed me some beautiful large acrylic illustrations of
early shuttle concepts.  He found them in a pile of stuff to be sent 
on to landfill because "they were not historically accurate".  He also
found another box of items in the "to be discarded" pile, and in the
box were the Skylab 2 flight suits. 
 
    The Cosmosphere has a touching tribute to the Apollo 1 crew as
well.  On display was Gus Grissom's backup helmet (I think) that his
family donated.  Max told me that it was the only Apollo 1 item ever
displayed anywhere. 
 
    When I was there, they just took delivery of several boxes of new
material.  When Max opened one of them, on the top were the Apollo 8
flight data file checklists, complete with the crew's notes still on
the pages. 
 
    I enjoyed the Cosmosphere very much:  Max put in a lot of effort
to tell the story of manned spaceflight, leading the visitor through
curving walkways and small side galleries, never revealing too much at
once.  It starts off with a recreation of Goddard's lab and going up
through the space station and beyond (I think, since when I was there,
only about one-third of the exhibit space was completed). 
  
    Mike
  
    Any opinions are my own since nobody else would ever want them.
 
    "Lisa!  You make it sound like butt-kissing is something to be
  ashamed of!" - Homer Simpson. 
                    
265.27Updated US manned spacecraft locationsADVAX::KLAESAll the Universe, or nothing!Tue Sep 25 1990 11:51122
From: [email protected] (Roger Noe)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Final resting places of USA manned spacecraft
Date: 24 Sep 90 22:42:14 GMT
Organization: Motorola Microcomputer Division, Urbana, IL
 
    I started making a table from the data I was gathering by e-mail
responses. I have filled out my table from Andy Clews' posting of a
list which appeared in the September 1986 "SpaceFlight News".  When
someone e-mailed me what appeared to be fairly certain knowledge of
the whereabouts of one of these spacecraft, and when that conflicted
with what SpaceFlight News published four years ago, I gave greater
weight to the more recent claim.  All such conflicts are marked below
as uncertain. 
 
    If anyone wishes to make corrections or additions to this list, by
all means please send them to me or post to this newsgroup.  My
Internet and UUCPnet addresses appear at the bottom, along with my
telephone number and US mail address. 
 
    Finally, if someone (probably within NASA) wishes to recommend a
starting point (PAO or whatever) for tracking down authoritative,
complete information, I'd be grateful if you'd tell me.  Given a
contact who is likely to be helpful, I'm more than happy to do the
legwork myself. 
 
    Thanks to the following individuals who have contributed to this list:

	[email protected] (Andy Clews)
	convex!matulka (Jerry Matulka)
	[email protected] (Hal Mueller)
	[email protected] (Gregory Fedor)
	aeras!tneale (Tom Neale)
	[email protected] (John Cserep)
	[email protected] (Jonathan Griffitts)
	[email protected] (Don Lynn)
	grayt@spock (Tom Gray)
  
    A key explaining abbreviations and codes follows the table.
  
Mis-
sion  Spacecraft      Crew                          Location
----- --------------- ----------------------------- --------
MR-3  Freedom 7       Shepard                       [1]
MR-4  Liberty Bell 7  Grissom                       [7]
MA-6  Friendship 7    Glenn                         [1]
MA-7  Aurora 7        Carpenter                     [8] ?
MA-8  Sigma 7         Schirra                       [3]
MA-9  Faith 7         Cooper                        [2]
 
GT-3                  Grissom/Young                 [9]
GT-4                  McDivitt/White                [1]
GT-5                  Cooper/Conrad                 [2]
GT-6A                 Schirra/Stafford              [10]
GT-7                  Borman/Lovell                 [1]
GT-8                  Armstrong/Scott               [11]
GT-9A                 Stafford/Cernan               [4]
GT-10                 Young/Collins                 [12]
GT-11                 Conrad/Gordon                 [13]
GT-12                 Lovell/Aldrin                 [21]
 
AS-7                  Schirra/Eisele/Cunningham     [14] ?
AS-8                  Borman/Lovell/Anders          [15] ?
AS-9  Gumdrop         McDivitt/Scott/Schweickart    [16]
AS-10 Charlie Brown   Stafford/Young/Cernan         [17]
AS-11 Columbia        Armstring/Collins/Aldrin      [1]
AS-12 Yankee Clipper  Conrad/Gordon/Bean            [6]
AS-13 Odyssey         Lovell/Swigert/Haise          [4]
AS-14 Kitty Hawk      Shepard/Roosa/Mitchell        [18]
AS-15 Endeavour       Scott/Worden/Irwin            [19]
AS-16 Casper          Young/Mattingly/Duke          [3]
AS-17 America         Cernan/Evans/Schmidt          [2]
 
SL-2                  Conrad/Kerwin/Weitz           [20]
SL-3                  Bean/Garriott/Lousma          [5] ?
SL-4                  Carr/Gibson/Pogue             [1]
 
ASTP                  Stafford/Brand/Slayton        [4]
----- --------------- ----------------------------- --------
  
KEY:
 
?  unconfirmed, but thought to be correct
 
LOCATION CODES (in USA unless specified otherwise):
 
[1]  National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
[2]  Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
[3]  Alabama Space and Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama
[4]  Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida
[5]  Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
[6]  Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia
[7]  Atlantic Ocean seabed, 516 miles northwest of Grand Turk island
[8]  University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
[9]  Grissom Memorial, Spring Mill State Park, Mitchell, Indiana
[10] McDonnell Douglas (Prologue Room), St. Louis, Missouri
[11] Armstrong Museum, Wapakoneta, Ohio
[12] Museum of Transport, Lucerne, Switzerland
[13] Science Society, Tokyo, Japan
[14] National Museum of Science and Technology, Ottawa, Canada
[15] Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, Illinois
[16] Jackson Community College, Jackson, Michigan
[17] Science Museum, London, England
[18] Rockwell International, Downey, California
[19] U.S. Air Force Museum, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio
[20] Naval Aviation Museum, Pensacola, Florida
[21] Museum of Transport, Auckland, New Zealand
 
Abbreviations for mission designations:

MR   Mercury-Redstone
MA   Mercury-Atlas
GT   Gemini-Titan
AS   Apollo-Saturn
SL   Skylab
ASTP Apollo-Soyuz Test Program
-- 
Roger Noe               Motorola Microcomputer Division, Urbana Design Center
Phone:  217 384-8536        1101 East University Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
Internet:  [email protected]                 UUCPnet:  uiucuxc!udc!rnoe
Latitude/Longitude:  40:06:55 N./88:11:40 W.

265.28Space items at NASMVERGA::KLAESAll the Universe, or nothing!Wed Sep 09 1992 19:07169
Article: 48169
From: [email protected] (John Roberts)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: What's on display in the National Air & Space Museum
Date: 5 Sep 92 18:51:08 GMT
Sender: [email protected]
Organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology
 
After leaving the Rover Expo, I went to the National Air & Space
Museum, and attempted to carry out a long-planned project - going
through the museum, and trying to catalog all the spacecraft, rockets,
and well-known airplanes there. This is more difficult than one would
think, because many of the displays are in out-of-the-way places. Most
of the displays are aircraft, so I got only slight coverage of them. I
might as well post what I got, then later on I will try to go back
with a printout, so I can add things I missed, and correct any errors.
I'd like to add some more of the advanced aircraft, and some of the
important spacecraft parts such as guidance computers and rocket engines. 
 
Among the spacecraft and rockets, many are working models that were
never used, others were built for ground tests (presumably mostly or
entirely functional), and others are reconstructed from parts of test
vehicles or flown vehicles. There are also many models (full-scale or
smaller), and some engineering test devices which illustrate the size
and configuration of the real devices. I'll try to include all the
documentation I wrote. I'm also including some other displays of
general interest. 
 
The identification of each display by type should be useful in
resolving future questions on the subject. Perhaps someone could
cross-correlate this list with the previously-posted list on where
space hardware is displayed.  
........................
 
Aerobee sounding rocket - original
 
Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia - original
 
Apollo Lunar Module LM-2 - original, intended for an unmanned test flight,
 but not used because the first lunar module unmanned test flight was
 a success - retired for use in ground tests
 
Apollo command module used in the Skylab 4 mission - original
 
Apollo-Soyuz test project - used to test docking adapter - full-scale units
 
Ariane 44LP rocket - 1/15 scale model
 
Atlas Centaur rocket - 1/15 scale model
 
Bell X-1 - first airplane to break the sound barrier - original
 
Delta 3914 rocket - 1/15 scale model
 
Explorer I satellite - first US satellite - replica
 
GOES satellite - full scale model
 
Gemini 4 capsule - original
 
Gemini 7 capsule - original
 
Goddard liquid-fueled rockets - models of two, including the first flown
 (one of the two weighed more fully fueled than the thrust of the rocket -
 it sat on the launch pad until part of the fuel had been burned)
 
Gossamer Condor - human-powered aircraft - original
 
Hubble Space Telescope structural dynamic test vehicle - full size
 
ITOS weather satellite - ground engineering test satellite
 
Intelsat VI communications satellite - 1/12 scale model
 
Japanese H-II rocket - 1/15 scale model
 
Jupiter C rocket - original
 
Lunar Orbiter spacecraft - used for ground tests
 
Lunar Rover - qualification test vehicle (1 of 8, built by Boeing before
 building the three flight vehicles - I think another one is at KSC)
 
Mariner 10 spacecraft - flight-qualified original
 
Mariner 2 spacecraft - replica
 
Mercury Freedom 7 capsule - original
 
Mercury capsule Friendship 7 - original
 
Minuteman III rocket - original
 
Northrop M2-F3 lifting body - original
 
Pershing II missile - US - training version
 
Pioneer 10 spacecraft - prototype
 
Ranger spacecraft - replica of Rangers 7,8,9, made of parts of Ranger test 
 vehicles
 
SS-20 missile - Soviet - training version
 
Saturn V aft end - (1/4 with two mirrors at right angles to make it look
 full size, with an F-1 engine - body of rocket is a model)
 
Saturn V rocket model - small
 
Scout D rocket - original
 
Skylab (Orbital Workshop, solar array, and Multiple Docking Adapter) - the
 second Skylab, built as a backup, but never launched because the first
 Skylab accomplished the mission goals
 
Space Shuttle Columbia - 1/15 scale model
 
Space Station Freedom model - small
 
Spacelab - 1/15 scale model
 
Spirit of St. Louis - first nonstop transatlantic flight - original
 
Sputnik I - USSR - first satellite - replica
 
Surveyor spacecraft - used for ground tests
 
TDRS geosynchronous data relay satellite - full-size model
 
TIROS weather satellite - ground engineering test satellite
 
Titan Centaur rocket - 1/15 scale model
 
Tsiolkovsky - Russian space pioneer - big display 
 
V-1 German WWII "buzz bomb" - original
 
V-2 German WWII missile - original
 
Vanguard I satellite - original backup
 
Vanguard launch vehicle - original
 
Viking Mars lander - 3rd working vehicle, used for simulations on Earth to
 support the two landers that landed on Mars
 
Viking rocket - partial replica, made with parts of flown vehicles
 
Voyager aircraft (flew around the world nonstop without refueling) - original
 
Voyager interplanetary space probe - full-scale replica, parts of which were
 used for pre-launch engineering tests
 [So let's hear no more about "the third Voyager hanging in the Air & Space
 museum". :-) ]
 
WAC-Corporal rocket - original
 
Wright Brothers' Flyer - first powered airplane - original
 
X-15 rocket plane - original (didn't say which one)
	I believe it is number 1.  I had the opportunity to hear 
	A. Scott Crossfield speak at the NASM and I got the impression
	the X-15 hanging was the one he initially did the flying in.

X-29 forward-swept wing aircraft - full-scale fiberglas mockup
 
John Roberts
[email protected]
 
265.29Location list - may not be completely accurateMTWAIN::KLAESHouston, Tranquility Base here...Tue Jul 26 1994 18:18340
Article: 2474
From: [email protected] (Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey)
Newsgroups: sci.space.tech
Subject: Location of old spacecraft (was Re: Apollo command modules)
Date: 7 Jul 94 17:47:09 -0600
Organization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
 
In article <[email protected]>,
[email protected] (Jonathan A. Bishop) writes: 

> [email protected] (Pat) writes:
>>There is someone who has a full list of the locations of
>>each of the Apollo CM's.
> 
> I have the list.  
 
And Jonathan's 1992 list was good enough to be worth saving.  So I did.
 
> One of these days, I'll re-type the full list in, and post it again.  Do any
> of the sci.space groups have a FAQ?  I think this would be a good addition.
 
Maybe stash it at an FTP site instead, and put a pointer to it in the FAQ?
 
-- 
     O~~*           /_) ' / /   /_/ '  ,   ,  ' ,_  _           \|/
   - ~ -~~~~~~~~~~~/_) / / /   / / / (_) (_) / / / _\~~~~~~~~~~~zap!
 /       \                          (_) (_)                    / | \
 |       |     Bill Higgins   Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
 \       /     Bitnet:     [email protected]
   -   -       Internet:  [email protected]
     ~         SPAN/Hepnet:      43009::HIGGINS 
=======
 
From: [email protected] (Aero Student Account)
Subject:Capsule location list (at last!)
Date: 10 Aug 92 15:35:30 GMT
Message-ID:<aero.713460930@io>
 
     A long time ago, someone asked about the present locations of
some capsules; I said I had a list and would post it in a few days.
Well, after a month, I finally found the list.
 
     My main source is an article titled "Where Have All the
Spacecraft Gone?" from the October, 1985 issue of _Space_World_.
I hope I'm not breaking copyright laws by publishing the list.
There's some good copy in the article, too; it's probably worth
digging up if you can find it at your local library.
 
     If anyone has any more up to date information on any of these,
I'd like to know.
 
     Full citations are only given for the first capsule in the
list at a particular location.  Later listings are abbreviated.
 
Abbreviations:
 
ASRC  - Alabama Space & Rocket Center, Huntsville, AL
JSC   - Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
KSC   - Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL
LM    - Lunar Module
LTA   - Lunar Training Article
MA    - Mercury - Atlas
MR    - Mercury - Redstone
NASM  - National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C.
USAFM - United States Air Force Museum, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
 
 
Spacecraft                         Location
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Mercury #1                         Goddard Museum, Roswell, NM
 
Mercury MA-1                       Recovered in 1981.  In storage
                                    in Kissimee, FL.  Owner
                                    undetermined.
 
Mercury "Adios M.F."               Oklahoma Aviation & Space Hall
                                    of Fame, Oklahoma City, OK (*)
 
Mercury MR-2                       KSC
 
Mercury MR-3 "Freedom 7"           NASM
 
Mercury #9                         North Carolina Museum of Life
                                    and Science, Durham, NC
 
Mercury MA-6 "Frienship 7"         NASM
 
Mercury MA-7 "Faith 7"             Hong Kong Space Museum, Hong
                                    Kong
 
Mercury MA-8 "Sigma 7"             ASRC
 
Mercury MA-9 "Aurora 7"            JSC
 
Mercury #10                        Kansas Cosmosphere and Discovery
                                    Center, Hutchinson, KS
 
Mercury #17 (?)                    Hall of Science, Queens, NY
 
Mercury #12B                       National Luchtvaart Museum,
                                    Schipol, Netherlands
 
Mercury #14                        NASA Langley Research Center,
                                    Hampton, VA
 
Mercury #15B                       NASA Ames Research Center,
                                    Mountain View, CA
 
Mercury #19                        Swiss Museum of Transport,
                                    Lucerne, Switzerland
 
Gemini 1A (?)                      Hall of Science, Queens, NY
 
Gemini 1B "El Kabong"              Michigan Space Center,
                                    Jackson, MI
 
Gemini 2                           USAF Space Museum, Cape
                                    Canaveral, FL
 
Gemini MSHO #1890                  ASRC
 
Gemini 2A                          Kansas Cosmosphere & Discovery
                                    Center
 
Gemini (unknown #)                 USAFM
 
Gemini 3 "Molly Brown"             Grissom Memorial Museum,
                                    Mitchell, IN
 
Gemini (unknown #)                 Florence Air & Missile Museum,
                                    Florence, SC
 
Gemini 4                           NASM
 
Gemini 5                           JSC
 
Gemini 6A                          McDonnell Planetarium,
                                    St. Louis, MO
 
Gemini 7                           NASM
 
Gemini 8                           Neil Armstrong Museum,
                                    Wapakoneta, OH
 
Gemini 9A                          KSC
 
Gemini 10                          Swiss Museum of Transport
 
Gemini 11                          NASA Ames
 
Gemini 12                          NASA Goddard Space Flight
                                    Center, Greenbelt, MD
 
Gemini Paraglider                  Manchester Air & Space Museum,
                                    Manchester, England
 
Apollo 1                           (Article lists Langley; I
                                    believe it was placed in the
                                    Titan silo with Challenger's
                                    debris)
 
Apollo 2                           Kansas Cosmosphere
 
Apollo 4                           NC Museum of Life and Science
 
Apollo 6                           Fernbank Science Center,
                                    Atlanta, GA (**)
 
Apollo 7                           National Museum of Science &
                                    Technology, Ottowa, Canada
 
Apollo 8                           Chicago Museum of Science &
                                    Technology, Chicago, IL
 
Apollo 9                           Michigan Space Center
 
Apollo 10                          Science Museum, London, England
 
Apollo 11                          NASM
 
Apollo 12                          NASA Langley
 
Apollo 13                          Musee de l'Air, Paris, France
 
Apollo 14                          (Article lists Rockwell, to be
                                    transferred to LA County Museum
                                    later in '85; did it make it?)
 
Apollo 15                          USAFM
 
Apollo 16                          ASRC
 
Apollo 17                          JSC
 
LTA-1                              Cradle of Aviation Museum,
                                    Garden City, NY
 
TM-3                               Junkyard near KSC
 
LM-2                               NASM
 
 
LTA-3                              ASRC
 
LTA-8                              JSC
 
LM-9                               KSC
 
LM-13 (for Apollo 18)              Cradle of Aviation Museum
 
LM-14 (for Apollo 19)              Franklin Institute,
                                    Philadelphia, PA
 
Skylab 1B                          NASM
 
Skylab (unknown #)                 Junkyard near KSC
 
Skylab 2                           Naval Aviation Museum,
                                    Pensacola, FL
 
Skylab 3                           NASA Ames
 
Skylab 4                           NASM
 
Apollo-Soyuz                       KSC
 
Apollo-Soyuz 1B                    NASM
 
Footnotes:
----------
 
(*)  I'm including this note since OKC is my home town.  "Adios,
      M.F." is a boilerplate Mercury, painted in a checkerboard
      pattern of dayglow orange and white.  Apparently, it was
      dropped about 100 times from aircraft to test the parachute
      system.  If you're in the city, go to the museum.  The
      capsule isn't worth the trip by itself, but we also have
      full-scale mockups of Mercury, Gemini, Apollo CSM and Apollo
      LM vehicles.  An Apollo CM simulator (used most recently for
      ASTP) is also there.  The museum has an extensive collection
      of Tom Stafford's memorabilia.
 
(**) About 15 years ago, there was an Apollo CM at the Omniplex in
      Oklahoma City (in the same building as the museum mentioned
      above).  The only number I ever saw associated with it was
      Apollo 6.  Can someone tell me if the capsule that the was on
      loan here was in fact Apollo 6?
 
     I hope this list is useful to you netters.  Again, I apologize
for posting it so late.
 
--------
Jonathan A. Bishop
 
[possibly obsolete mail address deleted --WSH]
 
"Yippee!  That may have been a small one for Neil,
 but it was a big one for me." - Pete Conrad, Apollo 12, November 1969
 
Article: 2516
From: "David Stoner (LIS)" <[email protected]>
Newsgroups: sci.space.tech
Subject: Re:Apollo Capsule Locations
Date: 10 Jul 1994 18:20:13 GMT
Organization: CRL Dialup Internet Access
 
In response to the question about the present location of the Apollo
command modules, I have compiled a list from personal visits and
"Space Almanac (2nd edition)". 
 
Apollo 1:   NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton,VA
 
Apollo 7:   National Museum of Science and Technology,
	    Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
 
Apollo 8:   Chicago Museum of Science and Technology,
	    Chicago,IL
 
Apollo 9:   Michigan Space Center, Jackson,MI
"Gumdrop"
 
Apollo 10:  Science Museum, London, England
"Charlie Brown"
 
Apollo 11:  National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian
"Columbia"  Institution, Washington, D.C.
 
Apollo 12:  Virginia Air Space Museum, Hampton,VA
"Yankee Clipper"  (near NASA Langley)
 
Apollo 13:  Musee de l'Air, Paris, France
"Odyssey"
 
Apollo 14:  Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles,CA
"Kitty Hawk"
 
Apollo 15:  USAF Museum, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton,OH
"Endeavor"
 
Apollo 16:  NASA Alabama Space and Rocket Center,Huntsville,AL
"Casper"    (near NASA Marshall)
 
Apollo 17:  "Disney Space Center", Houston,TX
"America"   (near NASA Johnson)
 
Apollo-Soyuz:  NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral,FL
(Apollo 18)
 
	I could be mistaken on some of these locations and would
appreciate any corrections.
 
	I do have some questions however.  When I visited the Apollo
11, 16, and ASTP capsules, they were encased in plastic for
protection.  However, the Apollo 15 command module is not enclosed at
all and is at the mercy of the hangar's atmosphere and human restraint
from touch and theft.  Are there any more capsules out there that are
unprotected (not counting ones that are roped off)? 

	The Gemini 9A capsule at Kennedy Space Center is completely
enclosed except for a small portion by the heat shield on the bottom
so people can "touch a part of history".  However, the exposed section
has been worn down by at least 4 or 5 inches because of human "touching". 

	Shuttle Enterprise has been sitting outside in a field behind
Dulles Airport in Washington, D.C. (waiting for a hangar) wasting away
in the sun, rain, and snow. 

	My question is, "Should all capsules and other treasures of
our space program be enclosed (or at least better protected)?" I'm not
suggesting we encase the shuttle orbiters when they retire, but what
should we do with them? 

	I'm not a fanatic pushing for an immediate solution but
curious to hear what other people think. 
 
David Stoner
University of South Florida
[email protected]