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Conference 7.286::space

Title:Space Exploration
Notice:Shuttle launch schedules, see Note 6
Moderator:PRAGMA::GRIFFIN
Created:Mon Feb 17 1986
Last Modified:Thu Jun 05 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:974
Total number of notes:18843

703.0. "NASA to play key role in national computing initiative" by PRAGMA::GRIFFIN (Dave Griffin) Thu Feb 07 1991 17:36

From: [email protected] (Peter E. Yee)
Date: 6 Feb 91 21:57:57 GMT
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Sarah Keegan
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   February 6, 1991
(Phone: 202/453-2754)


RELEASE:  91-20

NASA TO PLAY KEY ROLE IN NATIONAL COMPUTING INITIATIVE

     NASA will be a major participant in the multi-agency High 
Performance Computing and Communication (HPCC) Program slated to 
begin in Fiscal Year 1992.  This ambitious federal effort will 
extend U.S. leadership in state-of-the-art computers and 
communications, disseminate and apply HPCC technology to critical 
national challenges and will spur gains in U.S. productivity and 
industrial competitiveness.

     NASA has the lead role in coordinating interagency software 
and algorithm research and development.  In addition, the 
agency's program has significant activities in all four 
components of the Federal program.

     In the High Performance Computing Systems (HPCS) area, NASA 
centers will purchase advanced testbeds from industry and use 
testbeds developed by the Department of Defense (DoD) to evaluate 
and build initial applications.  Results will be fed back to the 
HPCS vendors and DoD for use in succeeding generations of 
computers.

     Under the Advanced Software Technology and Algorithms (ASTA) 
component, NASA research teams will develop software to solve 
major computational challenges in scientific modeling, 
engineering design and real-time robotic control.  

     To support the National Research and Education Network 
(NREN) goal of a coast-to-coast research linkup, NASA centers 
will be equipped with the latest network communications and 
routing technology.  These systems will be used for intercenter 
collaboration and to support non-NASA users of the advanced HPCS 
testbeds. 

   In connection with the Basic Research and Human Resources 
(BRHR) component of the Federal program, NASA will expand the 
HPCC research program executed by NASA-funded research institutes 
and through NASA grants to universities.

     NASA's program has three main projects closely related to 
the agency's primary missions and a crosscutting basic research 
element.  The Computational Aerosciences (CAS) project is led by 
Ames Research Center, Mountain View, Calif., with contributions 
from Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va., and Lewis Research 
Center, Cleveland.  CAS technology will make it possible to model 
critical system interactions in advanced aerospace vehicles, such 
as next-generation supersonic transports, that cannot be done due 
to the limitations of today's supercomputers.

     The Earth and Space Sciences (ESS) computing project is led 
by Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., with 
contributions from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, 
Calif.  The major goal of ESS is to support collaborative 
simulation and modeling of complex, large-scale, 
multidisciplinary Earth and space phenomena.  

     For instance, the interactions among Earth's atmosphere, 
oceans and land masses must be modeled with sufficient spatial 
resolution to produce accurate long-term predictions of 
atmospheric circulation.  Existing computers restrict spatial 
resolution to unreasonably large scales and require execution 
times that are prohibitively long.

     The third major NASA project is Remote Experimentation and 
Exploration (REE), led by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with 
Langley Research Center as a partner.  REE will develop a 
prototype high performance computing system that could serve as 
an on-board supercomputer to support future space missions. 

     In robotic exploration of Mars, for example, the great 
distances separating Earth and the Red Planet produce a time lag 
of up to 45 minutes between transmission of a command and receipt 
of confirmation that the command has been executed.  Automated 
Mars explorers must be equipped with highly autonomous systems 
that, in turn, require considerable computational power. 

    With HPCC funding, NASA will increase the high performance 
computing and communication budgets of its university-based 
Centers of Excellences and research institutes affiliated with 
NASA centers.  In addition, the agency may create new university 
centers of excellence as funding allows.  A portion of the 
funding will be set aside to encourage students to work at NASA's 
field centers, which will allow the students to get first hand 
experience in NASA HPCC applications and mission requirements. 

     NASA has been heavily involved in the planning and 
coordination of the HPCC program for several years through the 
Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering and 
Technology (FCCSET).  As directed by Congress, NASA began to 
increase its high performance computing activities in FY 1991.

     Other agencies participating in the HPCC program are the 
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the National Science 
Foundation, the Department of Energy, the Environmental 
Protection Agency, the National Institutes of Health, the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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703.1High-Speed Computing to advance Earth, Space SciencePRAGMA::GRIFFINDave GriffinThu Oct 22 1992 13:1187
Drucella Andersen
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.            October 21, 1992


Paula Cleggett-Haleim
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.

RELEASE: 92-177

     NASA has chosen 29 supercomputing research proposals
that will pave the way for a revolution in the way scientists
study the Earth and space.

     The goal is to achieve computational capabilities far
beyond those of today's machines, enabling researchers to
produce realistic simulations of phenomena such as the
interaction of Earth's oceans, air and land masses and
reconstructions of the evolution of stars, galaxies and the
universe.

        "This is the first time a broad spectrum of the
country's best and brightest people will engage in leading-
edge supercomputing research for Earth and space science
applications," said Lee Holcomb, Director for High
Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) at NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.  "We deliberately selected a
diversity of institutions, applications and computing
platforms to get the best return on our investment."

     Eight of the projects will involve teams of space and
computer scientists to create computer models and computing
techniques that can attack today's intensive, large-scale
problems in Earth and space science -- the so-called "Grand
Challenges."  The other projects are focused efforts that
address specific issues in algorithms and computational
methods as they apply to Earth and space studies.

    The proposals selected came from a wide variety of
sources.  The investigators and collaborators represent 27
academic institutions, 9 federal laboratories and 3 private
firms.

    The research will be done under the Earth and Space
Sciences project of the HPCC initiative, a leading-edge
effort to produce a 1000-fold increase in supercomputer speed
and a 100-fold improvement in communications capability by
1996.

     The 8 large projects will begin early in calendar year
1993.  The others will start in two phases: 10 early in 1993
and 11 in the last quarter of that year.  Total funding for
the efforts is estimated at $10.5 million through fiscal year
1995.

     "Combining computer science and technology with space
science gives us the opportunity to bring the two communities
together and for computer scientists to take an increased
role in helping us meet our research goals," said Joe
Alexander, Assistant Associate Administrator for Space
Science and Applications at NASA Headquarters.

WHY HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING?

     These projects will use "parallel processing" computers-
-machines that use up to thousands of processors to work
simultaneously on a problem.  These processors are simpler
than those in traditional supercomputers but they allow
faster computation since there are many more of them.

     The advances from these projects will be vital to Earth
and space scientists because current supercomputers are
neither fast nor powerful  enough to digest the volume of
data expected in the 1990s or to model the full complexity of
many challenging scientific problems.

     NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.,
manages the HPCC Earth and Space Sciences project with
assistance from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena,
Calif., for NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology
and Office of Space Science and Applications.

     The winning proposals broken down by state are:
Maryland, 6; California, 4; Illinois, 4; Texas, 4; Arizona,
2; and one each from the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Iowa,
Louisiana, Massachusetts,  Michigan, New Mexico, Utah and
Washington.

703.2NASA clusters computers to solve "Grand Challenges" (IBM RISC systems.. Boooo)PRAGMA::GRIFFINDave GriffinMon Nov 09 1992 17:4838
HQ 92-195/COMPUTER CLUSTER

Drucella Andersen
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                 November 5, 1992

Mary Ann Peto
Lewis Research Center, Cleveland

RELEASE:  92-195

        An array of powerful, interconnected computers will help NASA solve
some of the complex problems associated with designing aircraft propulsion
systems.

        The Lewis Advanced Cluster Environment (LACE) system at NASA's Lewis
Research Center, Cleveland, is a network of 33 IBM RISC/6000, stand-alone
computer workstations that can be set up for both distributed and parallel
computing.  LACE can perform up to 1 billion floating point operations per
second and has 3 billion bytes of memory, making it the world's most powerful
IBM workstation cluster.

        "This is the first system of its kind for NASA," said Karen Pischel,
LACE Project Manager at Lewis. "By applying the power of a network of high-
performance computers, we are creating new, more efficient and more economical
ways to perform computational research."

        LACE is a test facility for NASA's role in the multi-agency High
Performance Computing and Communications program.  This high-priority national
effort fosters the development of advanced computing techniques by tackling
"grand challenges" that eventually will require one trillion floating point
operations per second.


       One of the program's grand challenges involves the complete simulation
of a supersonic aircraft in flight.  In a key LACE project, researchers are
modeling the performance of a supersonic throughflow fan engine -- an engine in
which the airflow remains supersonic throughout -- by distributing the various
engine components among the LACE computers.
703.3NASA, Cray to join in parallel supercomputer researchPRAGMA::GRIFFINDave GriffinWed Nov 18 1992 13:2274
Drucella Andersen
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.              November 16, 1992

Paula Cleggett-Haleim
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.

Franklin O'Donnell
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.


RELEASE:  92-205


        NASA is collaborating with Cray Research, Inc., Eagan, Minn., to
conduct joint research and development activities using the company's most
powerful supercomputer.

        The partnership is a NASA response to the multi-agency High Performance
Computing and Communications program, a bold national initiative to advance
U.S. capabilities in supercomputing.

        The computer will be located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL),
Pasadena, Calif., with the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, as a
collaborator in the project.

        "The Cray T3D system, together with our expertise in parallel
processing, will allow us to tackle new computational problems in Earth and
space sciences," said Dr. Carl Kukkonen, Supercomputing Project Manager at JPL.

        "More importantly, we will be able to feed back JPL's and Caltech's
experiences to Cray and thus, contribute to maintaining U.S. leadership in
supercomputing," Kukkonen added.


        "This collaboration will help us address the grand challenges of Earth
and space sciences -- analyzing the enormous data sets from NASA's Earth and
planetary missions," said Joseph Bredekamp of the Office of Space Science and
Applications, NASA Headquarters. "We expect that 20 to 25 percent of our
scientific computing will be performed on parallel computers within 3 years."

NASA Applications

        JPL will use the new Cray T3D system for applications that require
high-power computers -- turning planetary data from spacecraft into
three-dimensional animations; electromagnetic simulations for the design of
communications antennas; analyzing Earth satellite data; studying the dynamics
of chemical reactions and the flow of space plasmas; and computational fluid
dynamics.

        "NASA is committed to being an early user of new parallel
supercomputers, and Cray will be an important player," said Lee Holcomb,
Director for the High Performance Computing and Communications program at NASA
Headquarters.

        In the fall of 1993, JPL will receive a Cray T3D system, the company's
new "massively parallel" supercomputer.  The innovative machine uses 256
processors to reach a peak speed of 38 billion floating point mathematical
operations per second, making it Cray's most powerful computer.  The effort
involves JPL, Cray and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech),
Pasadena.

Center Of Excellence

        Cray has designated JPL/Caltech as one of four "Cray Centers of
Excellence in Parallel Computing." Under this program, the company will locate
staff engineers at JPL to carry out joint research in parallel computing
techniques.

        Cray President John Carlson said the company chose JPL as a site for
its Center of Excellence program "because of the great expertise developed at
JPL and the Caltech campus in parallel computation."

        The project is funded by NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Office of
Space Science and Applications, Washington, D.C.