| T.R | Title | User | Personal
Name | Date | Lines |
|---|
| 700.1 | Brief history of SALYUT 7 | ADVAX::KLAES | All the Universe, or nothing! | Wed Feb 06 1991 11:00 | 96 |
| From: [email protected] (WILLIAM HARWOOD, UPI Science Writer)
Newsgroups: clari.tw.space,clari.news.aviation,clari.news.top
Subject: Soviet space station falling to Earth
Date: 5 Feb 91 20:17:17 GMT
Radar tracking indicated an abandoned Soviet space station
would plunge back to Earth late Wednesday or early Thursday, but
officials said any chunks of the 21-ton craft that survived the
hellish re-entry likely would fall harmlessly into the ocean.
The Salyut 7 space station, launched April 19, 1982, was
abandoned June 25, 1986, after major efforts to fix a variety of
problems plaguing the aging orbital outpost, which was designed to
have a lifetime of just four to five years.
Tom Niemann, a spokesman for U.S. Space Command in Colorado
Springs, Colo., said radar tracking indicated the cylindrical space
station and an abandoned re-entry module likely would fall into the
atmosphere sometime between 4:18 p.m. EST Wednesday and 4:18 a.m.
Thursday.
The actual computer projection, subject to change, listed
re-entry at 10:18 p.m. Wednesday, plus or minus six hours. Should
re-entry actually occur at 10:18 p.m., pieces of the space station
would fall harmlessly into the Pacific Ocean well east of New Zealand,
Niemann said.
``There is a re-entry module on board that weighs about 3
tons,'' he said. ``So it will likely survive re-entry. Right now, the
most likely area is over the Pacific Ocean, which certainly minimizes
the risk to populated areas.''
Despite the small risk, the Federal Emergency Management
Agency in Washington said it was monitoring the re-entry so the agency
could warn state and local governments if debris were to land in the
United States.
``Although there are few protective actions which could be
taken should a large piece of the space station strike the ground ...
state and local planners need to be kept informed and advised until
the satellite no longer poses a threat,'' the agency said.
As of Tuesday, radar tracking showed Salyut 7 in an 88-minute
orbit tilted 52 degrees to the equator with a high point of 111.2
miles and a low point of just 107.5 miles. For comparison, space
shuttles typically operate at altitudes of 160 miles or so.
At Salyut 7's altitude, friction with the tenuous outer reaches
of Earth's atmosphere acts like a brake, slowing the spacecraft and
causing it to lose still more altitude. Without rocket power to boost
its orbit, Salyut 7 was doomed to burn up in the atmosphere.
But like NASA's Skylab space station, Salyut 7 is so large
that re-entry heat was not expected to completely destroy the
spacecraft and especially massive chunks were expected to make it
all the way to Earth's surface, be it water or land.
Skylab burned up over the southern Indian Ocean in 1979 and
while small pieces of debris hit the ground in western Australia, no
one was injured.
It is believed that Salyut 7 was built as a backup to Salyut 6
and later modified for space flight. It ultimately was launched by a
Proton booster from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Soviet Central Asia.
According to Dennis Newkirk's Almanac of Soviet Manned Space
Flight, Salyut 7 was equipped with high-efficiency solar cells,
providing 10 percent more power than those used by Salyut 6, and two
docking ports on either end of the cylindrical main structure.
Capable of automated refueling, Salyut 7 was launched with at
least 22 scientific and engineering experiments on board, including
materials processing furnaces, a variety of high-tech camera systems,
an X-ray spectrometer, an experimental submarine-tracking radar system
and an X-ray telescope. Three of the experiments were supplied by France.
During its orbital lifetime, Salyut 7 was visited by seven
cosmonaut crews between 1982 and the end of 1984, including short
stays by French and Indian guest fliers and Svetlana Savitskaya, the
first woman to walk in space.
On March 2, 1985, the Soviets announced that Salyut 7 had
completed its mission. But they later changed their minds and
announced plans to attempt a daring spacewalk repair mission to
overcome a power loss and other problems.
In one of the boldest orbital repair flights ever attempted,
Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Viktor Savinykh carried out multiple
spacewalks and worked in below-freezing temperatures to revive the
space station, finally succeeding in restoring power and heat.
A ninth crew visited Salyut 7 later in 1985 and again in 1986
when cosmonauts aboard the newer Mir space station paid a brief visit.
The space station was abandoned when the last crew departed on June 25,
1986.
|
| 700.2 | NY Times page A6 | CSS::BIRO | | Wed Feb 06 1991 15:22 | 6 |
| According to a NY Times articel today (page A6 Wed Feb 6)
the Decent capsule weight after reentry burning would be between 2600
and 4400 pounds, James E Oberg speculates that it is a Gemini size
capsule that is used for return of film and other materials to earth.
|
| 700.3 | | 30086::REITH | Jim Reith DTN 226-6102 - LTN2-1/F02 | Wed Feb 06 1991 15:38 | 3 |
| Any speculation why this capsule wasn't jettisoned and reentered in a
control fashion prior to now? I would think that having it fall in a
known manner prior to this would have been preferable...
|
| 700.4 | Re-entry occurs either today or tomorrow | ADVAX::KLAES | All the Universe, or nothing! | Wed Feb 06 1991 15:42 | 45 |
| From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Salyut 7 to reenter Feb. 6-7
Date: 6 Feb 91 08:31:00 GMT
Sender: [email protected]
Organization: The Internet
The Soviets have announced that the older Salyut 7 space station
will re-enter Earth's atmosphere sometime on Feb. 6-7, according to
Radio Moscow. On Feb. 4, the station had an altitude of 200 Km (125
mi). The Salyut 7 complex currently consists of the Salyut 7 main
body, launched in April 1982, and the Kosmos 1686 expansion module
(added in Oct. 1985), for a combined mass of about 40 Tonnes.
According to mission control, only the 2 tonne re-entry module still
attached to the station will survive the atmosphere. The exact point
of re-entry will not be known until about 4 hours before but could
range anywhere between 51.6 degrees north and south latitudes. The
head of NPO Energiya has stated that there are no radioactive or other
dangerous chemicals left on board. There is no fuel left on board to
control the re-entry, but radio control will be maintained to try and
make it come down in ocean areas.
The Salyut 7 complex hosted 10 Soyuz missions for a total of 712
days of occupation during its 1,529 day operational period. Some
1,821 man days of crew time were spent on it. It was not without
problems, suffering a problem with the fueling system in Aug. 1983,
and a major failure of the solar power system which required an
emergency repair flight by the Soyuz T-13 crew in June 1985. It was
last visited in May 1986 by the Soyuz T-15 crew of Leoind Kizim and
Vladimir Solovyov. That flight was actually a transfer from the Mir
station to Salyut 7, and back again. In Aug. 1986 Salyut 7 was
boosted into a 492 x 474 km (309 x 296 mi) orbit, with the intention
of being recovered by their Buran space shuttle. However, like Skylab
before it, delays in the shuttle program prevented such an attempt,
and a Progress tanker mission to allow a controlled re-entry was
scratched due to lack of funds. (Radio Moscow Feb 4/5, Spaceflight Feb
1991)
A sad end to a station that for four years was the only
semipermanent base of humankind in space.
Glenn Chapman
Simon Fraser Univ.
[email protected]
|
| 700.5 | Re-entry time update | ADVAX::KLAES | All the Universe, or nothing! | Wed Feb 06 1991 15:47 | 31 |
| From: DECWRL::"[email protected]" 6-FEB-1991 15:31:14.74
Subj: Salyut 7 reentry now 1:00 - 8:00 UTC Feb 7th
The Soviets have updated the times for the reentry of the older
Salyut 7 space station. At 18:00 UTC (10 am PST) Radio Moscow stated
that Salyut 7 would enter the atmosphere between 1:00 and 8:00 hours
UTC on Feb. 7th (5 pm Feb 6th - 1 am Feb 7th PST). Exact
determination of reentry will not be possible until an orbit or two
before it occurs. Orbital period is about 87.6 minutes currently by
my calculations (assuming a circular orbit). At the time of the 18:00
report it was stated the complex was at 160 Km altitude, which means
it has fallen 40 Km since the Feb. 4th announcement.
The Salyut 7 complex currently consists of the Salyut 7 main body,
and the Kosmos 1686 expansion module for a combined mass of about 40
Tonnes. This is expected to disintegrate, with about 250 pieces in
the kilogram (2.2 pound) range hitting Earth from most of the
facility. The major worry is the 2 tonne reentry module on the Kosmos
1686 which will probably survive intact. Soviet mission control is in
contact with the several international agencies to provide warning in
the affected areas. Little comment was made about the mission centre
trying to control the reentry point this time (as compared to the Feb.
5th announcement). Perhaps they have tried some adjustments and got
nowhere.
This should be a real fireball when it comes down.
Glenn Chapman
Simon Fraser Univ.
[email protected]
|
| 700.6 | Re-entry tonight from Italy to USSR | ADVAX::KLAES | All the Universe, or nothing! | Wed Feb 06 1991 17:37 | 117 |
| From: [email protected] (Ron Baalke)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Salyut 7
Date: 6 Feb 91 21:11:26 GMT
Sender: [email protected]
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
The latest word about Salyut 7 from the U.S. Space Command is
that it will re-enter the atmosphere over the Mediterranean Sea today
(February 6) at about 8:15 PM (PST). This prediction has an
uncertainty of plus or minus two hours. If the prediction holds true,
then Salyut 7 will be over northern Italy as it make its entry, and
any debris reaching Earth would fall over Eastern Europe or the Soviet
Union. It is also unlikely that the troops in the Persian Gulf would
be able to see the expected fireball.
___ _____ ___
/_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | [email protected]
| | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab |
___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | It's 10PM, do you know
/___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | where your spacecraft is?
|_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | We do!
From: [email protected] (WILLIAM HARWOOD, UPI Science Writer)
Newsgroups: clari.tw.space,clari.news.aviation,clari.news.military
Subject: Radars track falling Soviet space station
Date: 6 Feb 91 20:02:38 GMT
Radar tracking indicated an abandoned Russian space station would
plunge back into the atmosphere over Italy and the Mediterranean late
Wednesday, possibly showering hundreds of small fragments over Eastern
Europe or the Soviet Union, officials said.
While the hellish fire of re-entry was expected to destroy most of
the unmanned 21-ton Salyut 7 space station, the Soviet news agency Tass
predicted some 250 small pieces of debris would survive the fall to
strike the Earth somewhere along the spacecraft's path.
U.S. Space Command, which uses a network of powerful radars to track
thousands of satellites and space debris in low-Earth orbit, predicted
Salyut 7 would re-enter the atmosphere during a pass over the
Mediterranean Sea around 11:15 p.m. EST Wednesday. Officials stressed
the prediction had an uncertainty of plus or minus two hours.
But assuming the prediction was correct, the big space station was
expected to begin feeling the fire of re-entry while passing over the
northern third of Italy along a trajectory carrying it from the
southwest to the northeast. The satellite's ground track was inclined 52
degrees to the equator.
``If you divided Italy into thirds (re-entry will come over) the
upper thirds,'' said Tom Niemann, a spokesman for U.S. Space Command in
Colorado Springs, Colo. ``That's impact with the Earth's atmosphere.
That's where it begins its re-entry.''
Salyut 7 is the largest satellite to fall back to Earth since NASA's
Skylab space station re-entered and burned up in 1979, showering debris
over the Indian Ocean and sparsely populated areas of western Australia.
Satellite trackers typically discuss re-entries in terms of a
``footprint'' 1,000 miles long and 100 miles wide because of
uncertainties involving a variety of hard-to-predict factors, including
the spacecraft's orientation in space.
Where debris might hit the ground is, therefore, almost impossible to
predict in advance. But Niemann said if Salyut 7 re-entered over
northern Italy, debris would fall over Eastern Europe or the Soviet
Union. He said troops stationed in the Persian Gulf likely would be
unable to see the fiery fall to Earth.
``We don't have good experience to draw on to say what the ground
footprint is,'' he said. ``What we also don't have much experience with
is an object this size. Who knows what it's going to do when it hits the
atmosphere. Something traveling that fast, I wouldn't want something the
size of a ball bearing (to hit).''
Where debris might fall was based on a variety of factors. For
example, falling satellites can ``skip'' into the atmosphere like a flat
rock bounced across still water.
``Two, it could do what we call post-holing where it hits and comes
in like a kamikaze pilot,'' Niemann said. ``Or three, it achieves some
kind of glide path. If it comes in ... normally, whether or not it
begins to tumble or spin'' affects where debris might fall.
The Soviet news agency Tass said researchers ``calculated that about
250 fragments will fall to Earth, with each weighing several (pounds).''
Salyut 7, which has no radioactive material aboard, was launched into
an orbit roughly 146 miles high. By early Wednesday, its orbital
altitude was between 103 miles and just 96 miles, subjecting the craft
to severe friction with the tenuous outer reaches of the atmosphere.
At Salyut 7's altitude, such friction acts like a brake, slowing the
spacecraft and causing it to lose still more altitude. Without rocket
power to boost its orbit, Salyut 7 was doomed to burn up in the atmosphere.
But like NASA's Skylab space station, Salyut 7 was so large that re-
entry heat was not expected to completely destroy the spacecraft and
chunks were expected to make it all the way to Earth's surface, be it
water or land.
Skylab burned up over the southern Indian Ocean in 1979 and while
small pieces of debris hit the ground in western Australia, no one was
injured.
Salyut 7, launched April 19, 1982, was abandoned June 25, 1986, after
major efforts to fix a variety of problems plaguing the orbital outpost,
which was designed to have a lifetime of just four to five years.
The station was launched with at least 22 scientific and engineering
experiments on board, including materials processing furnaces, a variety
of high-tech camera systems, an X-ray spectrometer, an experimental
submarine-tracking radar system and an X-ray telescope. Three of the
experiments were supplied by France.
|
| 700.7 | world is getting smaller... | 49200::TONINATO | pizza e pastasciutta | Thu Feb 07 1991 04:45 | 6 |
|
FWIW on the radio this morning they said Salyout crashed on the border
between Argentina and Uruguay...
;-) I didn't know those countries were so close to Italy and Eastern Europe ;-)
GLT
|
| 700.8 | S7 is down | CSS::BIRO | | Thu Feb 07 1991 06:47 | 35 |
|
UPn 02/06 2339 Soviet space station falls to Earth
By WILLIAM HARWOOD
UPI Science Writer
An abandoned Soviet space station crashed back into the atmosphere over
South America late Wednesday, presumably showering debris over parts of
Argentina instead of Europe or the Soviet Union as originally expected,
officials said.
"It came in hard (and) it came in fast," said Tom Niemann, a spokesman
for U.S. Space Command. "I imagine it was a fairly spectacular sight."
Re-entry began at 10:44 p.m. EST and while the hellish fire of
atmospheric friction was expected to destroy most of the unmanned massive
Salyut 7 space station, the Soviet news agency Tass predicted some 250
small pieces of debris would survive the fall to strike Earth somewhere
along the spacecraft's path.
The derelict space station was traveling from southwest to northeast and
had just flown over the border between Chile and Argentina when re- entry
began.
"The ground trace is that if something survived re-entry, there would
have been landfall in central Argentina," Niemann said by telephone from
U.S. Space Command in Colorado. "But that's going to take some reports from
that area before we can confirm that."
U.S. Space Command, which uses a network of powerful radars to track
thousands of satellites and space debris in low-Earth orbit, predicted
early Wednesday that Salyut 7 would re-enter the atmosphere during a pass
over Italy and the Mediterranean around 11:15 p.m. EST.
So at this point, 0344z looks to be the time of re entry. Now we wait
for the news of debris.
|
| 700.9 | s7-more | CSS::BIRO | | Thu Feb 07 1991 07:05 | 16 |
| The HF radio beacon on 19.954 MHZ died, I think last summer,
thus it is believed that there has been a failure on the
space complex. Since that time there has been no changes in
Salyut-7 complex orbit except what was expected from normal
decay. So it is believed that the Soviets have lost communication
and control of S-7 Complex that is why I think they were not
able to return the capsule. Plus I don't know if this type of
capsule can be remotely controlled.
The big puzzle in this, is the TASS article stating that they
were still in communication with S-7, so there are still some
mixed feeling on this matter.
john
|
| 700.10 | S-7 Ground track | CSS::BIRO | | Thu Feb 07 1991 07:06 | 100 |
| just to get an idea of the ground track I ran the latest elset
and possible the last one for Salyut-7 complex
1
AMSAT Elliptical Orbit Calculator
V. 43, VAX FORTRAN adaptation by KA1IU, of W3IWI BASIC Program
Copyright 1983,1984,1985,1986,1987 by AMSAT, W3IWI, KA1IU
Reference Epoch: 1991 + 37.680653680
Starting Epoch: 1991 + 38.000000000
MON/DAY/YR= 2/ 7/91 at 00:00 UTC
Element Set 1: Salyut 7 (OBJ 13138 Set: 792)
Fundamental Keplerian Elements:
At Reference At Start
Mean Anomaly deg 83.060100000 175.090048803
Inclination deg 51.576200000
Eccentricity 0.000610700
Mean Motion rev/day 16.448578900 16.484221781
Arg. Perigee deg 276.960000000 278.328577355
R.A.A.N. deg 166.235300000 164.408442850
Other Parameters:
Orbit Number 50194 50199
S.M.A. km 6531.008 6521.590
Apogee Height km 156.836
Perigee Height km 148.859
Anom. Period min 87.546
Decay Rate rev/day^2 5.581E-02
Doppler Freq mhz 19.954
Argument of perigee will rotate 360 degrees
in about 0 years, 84 days.
Earth angle subtended: Apogee Perigee
25.2 24.5 deg
For observer at 42.6 deg lat, 71.4 deg long,
visibility circle at average of apogee and perigee height is:
Northern limit: 55.0 deg latitude
Center: 42.0
Southern limit: 30.2
(Values>90 are on far side of pole. Negative=South Lat.)
(Center is for circle on stereographic map projection.)
Exact time of apogee indicated by A after UTC in output.
1
K1KSY Lat= 42.622 Long= 71.403 Ht= 60.m Window Limit= 0.0 deg
Element Set 1: Salyut 7 (OBJ 13138 Set: 792)
Doppler shift calculated for 19.954 mhz
Current Arg Perigee R.A.A.N. Period S.M.A.
278.3251 164.4130 87.4508 6526.294
Eqx Time = ****:** Eqx Long = ******
U.T.C. AZ EL DOPPLER RANGE HEIGHT LAT LONG PHASE
HHMM:SS deg deg hz km km N+S- W+E- <256>
2/ 7/91 THU -----DAY # 38----ORBIT # 50199----
0331:00 232-57.0 103 10845 143 -44.2 155.5 230
0332:00 228-56.2 114 10747 143 -46.1 150.6 233
0333:00 224-55.3 124 10640 142 -47.8 145.3 236
0334:00 220-54.4 135 10523 142 -49.2 139.7 239
0335:00 217-53.4 145 10397 142 -50.3 133.8 242
0336:00 213-52.4 155 10262 142 -51.1 127.7 245
0337:00 209-51.4 164 10118 142 -51.5 121.4 248
0338:00 206-50.3 173 9966 142 -51.5 115.0 251
0339:00 203-49.1 182 9806 142 -51.2 108.6 254
0340:00 199-48.0 190 9638 142 -50.5 102.5 1
0341:00 196-46.8 198 9464 142 -49.5 96.5 4
0342:00 193-45.6 205 9282 142 -48.1 90.8 7
0343:00 190-44.4 212 9094 142 -46.4 85.5 9
0344:00 187-43.2 217 8901 142 -44.5 80.5 12
0345:00 183-41.9 223 8703 142 -42.4 75.9 15
0346:00 180-40.7 227 8501 142 -40.1 71.6 18
0347:00 177-39.4 230 8295 142 -37.6 67.7 21
0348:00 174-38.2 232 8086 142 -35.0 64.0 24
0349:00 170-37.0 234 7877 143 -32.2 60.5 27
0350:00 167-35.8 234 7666 143 -29.4 57.3 30
0351:00 164-34.6 233 7456 143 -26.5 54.3 33
0352:00 160-33.4 230 7248 143 -23.4 51.4 36
0353:00 157-32.2 226 7043 143 -20.4 48.7 39
0354:00 153-31.1 220 6842 144 -17.3 46.1 42
0355:00 149-30.1 212 6648 144 -14.1 43.6 45
0356:00 145-29.1 203 6462 144 -10.9 41.1 48
0357:00 141-28.1 191 6285 144 -7.7 38.8 50
0358:00 137-27.2 177 6120 145 -4.5 36.4 53
0359:00 132-26.4 161 5968 145 -1.3 34.1 56
|
| 700.11 | Sigh. More space history in the incinerator. Maybe I can get a piece to put beside my hunk of Skylab | DECWIN::FISHER | Pursuing an untamed ornothoid | Thu Feb 07 1991 13:00 | 13 |
| What seems a bit amusing to me is the reports that it was expected to reenter
over Italy at some certain time within 2 hours. 4 hours is about 3 orbits. That
means that if it can land anytime within those 4 hours, it can land anywhere in
a hoop around the earth inclined at 50-whatever degrees and roughly 60 degrees
(360 degrees / (4/24)) thick.
Of course, it is probably more likely to reenter at its perigee, but in that
case, there should have been about 3 discrete times, not a continuous 4-hour
time.
Picky, picky.
Burns
|
| 700.12 | The complete article | ADVAX::KLAES | All the Universe, or nothing! | Thu Feb 07 1991 16:08 | 100 |
| From: [email protected] (WILLIAM HARWOOD, UPI Science Writer)
Newsgroups: clari.tw.space,clari.news.aviation,clari.news.military
Subject: Soviet space station falls to Earth
Date: 7 Feb 91 07:43:01 GMT
An abandoned Soviet space station crashed back into the
atmosphere over South America late Wednesday, presumably showering
debris over parts of Argentina instead of Europe or the Soviet Union
as originally expected, officials said.
``It came in hard (and) it came in fast,'' said Tom Niemann, a
spokesman for U.S. Space Command. ``I imagine it was a fairly
spectacular sight.''
Re-entry began at 11:44 p.m. EST and while the hellish fire of
atmospheric friction was expected to destroy most of the unmanned
massive Salyut 7 space station, the Soviet news agency Tass predicted
some 250 small pieces of debris would survive the fall to strike Earth
somewhere along the spacecraft's path.
The derelict space station was traveling from southwest to
northeast and had just flown over the border between Chile and
Argentina when re-entry began.
``The ground trace is that if something survived re-entry,
there would have been landfall in central Argentina,'' Niemann said by
telephone from U.S. Space Command in Colorado. ``But that's going to
take some reports from that area before we can confirm that.''
In Argentina, Radio America reported that a light blue-green
comet passed over the city of Pacheco in the north at 1:45 a.m. local
time. Pieces of the space station reportedly came down in the province
of Santa Cruz southwest of Buenos Aires near the village of Perito Moreno.
U.S. Space Command, which uses a network of powerful radars to
track thousands of satellites and space debris in low-Earth orbit,
predicted early Wednesday that Salyut 7 would re-enter the atmosphere
during a pass over Italy and the Mediterranean around 11:15 p.m. EST.
Later in the day, it became apparent that the massive space
station would re-enter earlier than originally expected.
Salyut 7 is the largest satellite to fall back to Earth since
NASA's Skylab space station re-entered and burned up in 1979,
showering debris over the Indian Ocean and sparsely populated areas of
western Australia.
Satellite trackers typically discuss re-entries in terms
of a ``footprint'' 1,000 miles long and 100 miles wide because of
uncertainties involving a variety of hard-to-predict factors,
including the spacecraft's orientation in space.
Where debris might hit the ground is, therefore, almost
impossible to predict in advance.
``We don't have good experience to draw on to say what the
ground footprint is,'' he said. ``What we also don't have much
experience with is an object this size. Who knows what it's going to
do when it hits the atmosphere. Something traveling that fast, I
wouldn't want something the size of a ball bearing (to hit).''
Where debris might fall was based on a variety of factors. For
example, falling satellites can ``skip'' into the atmosphere like a
flat rock bounced across still water.
``Two, it could do what we call post-holing where it hits and
comes in like a kamikaze pilot,'' Niemann said. ``Or three, it
achieves some kind of glide path. If it comes in...normally, whether
or not it begins to tumble or spin'' affects where debris might fall.
The Soviet news agency Tass said researchers ``calculated that
about 250 fragments will fall to Earth, with each weighing several (pounds).''
Salyut 7, which has no radioactive material aboard, was
launched into an orbit roughly 146 miles high. By early Wednesday, its
orbital altitude was between 103 miles and just 96 miles, subjecting
the craft to severe friction with the tenuous outer reaches of the
atmosphere.
At Salyut 7's altitude, such friction acts like a brake,
slowing the spacecraft and causing it to lose still more altitude.
Without rocket power to boost its orbit, Salyut 7 was doomed to burn
up in the atmosphere.
But like NASA's Skylab space station, Salyut 7 was so large
that re-entry heat was not expected to completely destroy the
spacecraft and chunks were expected to make it all the way to Earth's
surface, be it water or land.
Salyut 7, launched April 19, 1982, was abandoned June 25,
1986, after major efforts to fix a variety of problems plaguing the
orbital outpost, which was designed to have a lifetime of just four to
five years.
The station was launched with at least 22 scientific and
engineering experiments on board, including materials processing
furnaces, a variety of high-tech camera systems, an X-ray spectrometer,
an experimental submarine-tracking radar system and an X-ray telescope.
Three of the experiments were supplied by France.
|
| 700.13 | Spaceship remains said found in Argentina | PRAGMA::GRIFFIN | Dave Griffin | Thu Feb 07 1991 17:39 | 85 |
| From: [email protected] (DANIEL DROSDOFF, UPI Senior Editor)
Date: 7 Feb 91 20:25:53 GMT
BUENOS AIRES (UPI) -- Witnesses reported seeing the falling Soviet
Salyut 7 space laboratory blaze out of existence as it sped through the
atmosphere toward Argentine territory.
A newspaper editor said smoking remains of the abandoned space
station were found in a garbage dump in the port of Puerto Madryn, 900
miles south of Buenos Aires.
But official spokesmen of the Argentine army, navy, and air force
said they could not immediately confirm the location of the remains of
the spaceship debris.
``A photographer, Ruben Huilipan, and two sports reporters saw the
fireball land as they came out of late basketball game in Puerto Madryn,
'' said Juan Carlos Rojas, editor of the newspaper Jornada of the city
of Trelew, just 35 miles south of Puerto Madryn.
He said they drove toward where they believed the remains of the
space vehicle landed and came upon smoking metal debris that ignited
small fires in a garbage dump.
``They returned to the site in the morning to take more photos,'' he
said.
Several witnesses in the western Argentine province of San Juan also
reported seeing the disintegrating space laboratory blaze in the sky as
in fell southward.
``I only saw it by accident,'' said Antonio Gamez, 32, in a telephone
interview from the city of San Juan, where he works as an advertising
employee for the newspaper El Diario de Cuyo.
``I had just seen a movie on television and walked near the window to
light up a cigarette.
``I noticed, about a quarter to 1 (a.m.) that what appeared to be an
opaque star was moving at the speed of an airplane.
``It gradually got bigger in the sky and turned orange, leaving a
sparkling trail. It appeared to break up into seven or eight spheres
before it disappeared. It was like looking at a video games. It lasted
about 15 to 30 seconds in the sky. About 100 people in my neighborhood,
near the airport, saw it.''
A San Juan provincial policeman, who identified himself as ``Officer
Fernandez,'' told a radio station that several other witnesses saw the
falling debris light up the sky.
``For a moment, we thought it was a comet,'' he said.
``Some said it was shining with five lights, others said seven
lights. One said it was like a plane falling in flames.''
Several radio stations reported that witnesses also saw the ex-
satellite fall from the sky near the town of Perito Moreno, 1,000 miles
south of Buenos Aires, but an officer of the frontier police denied it.
``None of us saw anything, and nobody told us they saw anything,''
said Commander Ruben Fernandez of the Perito Moreno detachment, when
contacted by phone by UPI.
Tom Niemann, a spokesman for the U.S. Space Command, said the space
station came in hard and fast.
``I imagine it was a fairly spectacular sight,'' he said.
U.S. space officials have said the 40-ton Salyut 7 began re-entry
into the atmosphere at around 11:44 p.m. EST and split into 250 pieces
of debris. These experts predicted the remains would fall somewhere in
southern Argentina.
The derelict space station was traveling from southwest to northeast
and had just flown over the border between Chile and Argentina when re-
entry began.
``The ground trace is that if something survived re-entry, there
would have been landfall in central Argentina,'' Niemann said by
telephone from U.S. Space Command in Colorado. ``But that's going to
take some reports from that area before we can confirm that.''
U.S. Space Command, which uses a network of powerful radars to track
thousands of satellites and space debris in low-Earth orbit, predicted
early Wednesday that Salyut 7 would re-enter the atmosphere during a
pass over Italy and the Mediterranean around 11:15 p.m. EST.
Later in the day, it became apparent that the massive space station
would re-enter earlier than originally expected.
Salyut 7 is the largest satellite to fall back to Earth since NASA's
Skylab space station re-entered and burned up in 1979, showering debris
over the Indian Ocean and sparsely populated areas of western Australia.
Satellite trackers typically discuss re-entries in terms of a
``footprint'' 1,000 miles long and 100 miles wide because of
uncertainties involving a variety of hard-to-predict factors, including
the spacecraft's orientation in space.
Where debris might hit the ground is, therefore, almost impossible to
predict in advance.
Salyut 7, launched April 19, 1982, was abandoned June 25, 1986, after
major efforts to fix a variety of problems plaguing the orbital outpost,
which was designed to have a lifetime of just four to five years.
The station was launched with at least 22 scientific and engineering
experiments on board, including materials processing furnaces, a variety
of high-tech camera systems, an X-ray spectrometer, an experimental
submarine-tracking radar system and an X-ray telescope. Three of the
experiments were supplied by France.
|
| 700.14 | Update on SALYUT 7 return to Earth | ADVAX::KLAES | All the Universe, or nothing! | Mon Mar 18 1991 13:41 | 26 |
| From: [email protected] (Bruce Watson)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Salyut 7 in Argentina
Date: 16 Mar 91 19:00:41 GMT
Organization: Alpha Science Computer Network, Denver, Co.
Spaceflight magazine (official publication of the British
Interplanetary Society) states:
"The Salyut 7 space station met its end shortly before 04.00 GMT
on February 7. According to the TASS news agency, the station plunged
into the Earth's atmosphere at latitude 34.9 degrees south, longitude
63.8 degrees west. A statement from the Argentine Defence Ministry
said that debris fell in the Paymun and Catriel districts in the
Neuquen province and the adjacent area in the La Pampa and Rio Negro
Provinces.
Eye witnesses described how they could see "fiery rain" as the
debris from the space station burnt up. A fragment "the size of a
washing machine" crashed into the backyard of a house in Rosario, the
Bueno Aires Herald reported."
--
wats@scicom | One of the things I like about this job is that I'm
| never bothered by life-insurance salesmen.
| -- Red Adair
|
| 700.15 | History of SALYUT 7 | VERGA::KLAES | Slaves to the Metal Hordes | Mon Jul 20 1992 16:09 | 205 |
| Article: 46192
From: [email protected] (TIMOTHY FREER)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Salyut-7 diary
Date: 20 Jul 92 11:33:28 GMT
Sender: [email protected]
SALYUT-7 DIARY (April 1982 to Feb 1991)
-------------------------------
This is the third in my series of 'Salyut' diaries. This particular
diary was compiled by Robert Christy, and was published in the June 1987
issue of the now defunct Space Flight News magazine. In his introduction,
Christy suggested that this was the first time a complete diary of major
events involving the Salyut-7 orbital laboratory had been published. The
listing includes all the launches to Salyut, all dockings, all docking port
transfers, all undockings and re-entries and all spacewalks.
To make this diary complete I have added the date of Salyut-7's re-entry
which occured after the publication of the magazine article. I trust that
sci.space readers will find this diary to be a usefull resource.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salyut-7 diary (April 1982 to Feb 1991).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1982.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 APR Salyut-7 launched by Proton rocket into 213 x 261km orbit at 51.6
degrees inclination.
09 MAY Salyut-7 established in its 350km, operational orbit.
13 MAY Soyuz T-5 launched with Anatoly Berezovoi and Valentin Lebedev
aboard.
14 MAY Soyuz T-5 docks at the front port.
17 MAY Iskar-2 experimental amateur-radio satellite released from
Salyut-7's airlock.
23 MAY Progress 13 launched.
25 MAY Progress 13 docks at the rear port.
04 JUN Progress 13 undocks.
06 JUN Progress 13 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
24 JUN Soyuz T-6 launched with Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Aleksandr
Ivanchenkev, and Jean-Loup Chretien (France) aboard.
25 JUN Soyuz T-6 docks at rear port, despite computer problem.
02 JUL Soyuz T-6 undocks and re-enters with Dzhanibekov, Ivanchenkev,
and Chretien aboard.
10 JUL Progress 14 launched.
12 JUL Progress 14 docks at the rear port.
30 JUL Berezovoi and Lebedev make a 2 hour, 33 minute spacewalk to
retrieve samples from outside of Salyut-7.
11 AUG Progress 14 undocks.
13 AUG Progress 14 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
19 AUG Soyuz T-7 launched with Leonid Popov, Aleksandr Serebrov, and
Svetlana Savitskaya (second woman cosmonaut) aboard.
20 AUG Soyuz T-7 docks at rear port.
27 AUG Soyuz T-5 undocks and re-enters with Popov, Serebrov, and
Savitskaya aboard.
29 AUG Soyuz T-7 transfered to front port by Berezovoi and Lebedev.
18 SEP Progress 15 launched.
20 SEP Progress 15 docks at rear port.
14 OCT Progress 15 undocks.
16 OCT Progress 15 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
31 OCT Progress 16 launched.
02 NOV Progress 16 docks at rear port.
18 NOV Iskra-3 experimental amateur-radio satellite released from
Salyut-7's airlock.
10 DEC Soyuz T-7 undocks and re-enters with Berezovoi and Lebedev aboard.
They have set a new, 211 day spaceflight duration record.
13 DEC Progress 16 undocks.
14 DEC Progress 16 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1983.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
02 MAR Cosmos 1443 (prototype space-station module carrying cargo)
launched by Proton rocket.
10 MAR Cosmos 1443 docks at the front port.
20 APR Soyuz T-8 launched with Vladimir Titov, Gennady Strekalov, and
Aleksandr Serebrov aboard.
21 APR Soyuz T-8 approaches Salyut-7 but fails to dock because of a
problem with its renezvous radar.
22 APR Soyuz T-8 lands.
27 JUN Soyuz T-9 launched with Vladimir Lyakhov and Aleksandr Aleksanderov
aboard.
28 JUN Soyuz T-9 docks at the rear port.
14 AUG Cosmos 1443 undocks.
16 AUG Lyakhov and Aleksanderov piolet Soyuz T-9 round to the front port.
17 AUG Progress 17 launched.
19 AUG Progress 17 docks at the rear port.
23 AUG Cosmos 1443 sends a landing capsule (containing experimental
material) back to Earth.
17 SEP Progress 17 undocks.
18 SEP Progress 17 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
19 SEP Cosmos 1443 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
27 SEP Soyuz T-10A launch fails when the rocket explodes - Vladimir Titov
and Gennady Strekalov use an escape system to pull themselves
clear of the pad.
20 OCT Progress 18 launched.
22 OCT Progress 18 docks at the rear port.
01 NOV Lyakhov and Aleksanderov make a 2 hour, 50 minute spacewalk to add
extra solar cells to one of Salyut-7's three solar panels.
03 NOV Lyakhov and Alexanderov make a 2 hour, 55 minute spacewalk to
complete installation of the solar cells.
13 NOV Progress 18 undocks.
16 NOV Progress 18 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
23 NOV Soyuz T-9 lands with Lyakhov and Aleksanderov aboard, after 150
days in space.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1984.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
08 FEB Soyuz T-10B launched with Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov and
Oleg Atkov aboard.
09 FEB Soyuz T-10 docks at the front port.
21 FEB Progress 19 launched.
23 FEB Progress 19 docks at the rear port.
31 MAR Progress 19 undocks.
01 APR Progress 19 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
03 APR Soyuz T-11 launched with Yuri Malyshev, Gennady Strekalov and
Rakesh Sharma (India) aboard.
04 APR Soyuz T-11 docks at the rear port.
11 APR Soyuz T-10B lands with Malyshev, Strekalov, and Sharma aboard.
13 APR Kizim, Solovyev and atkov pilot Soyuz T-11 round to the front port.
15 APR Progress 20 launched.
17 APR Progress 20 docks at the rear port.
23 APR Kizim and Solovyev make a 4 hour, 15 minute spacewalk to repair
Salyut-7's rocket engines.
26 APR Kizim and Solovyev make a 5 hour spacewalk to continue the engine
repairs.
29 APR Kizim and Solovyev make a 2 hour, 45 minute spacewalk to continue
the engine repairs.
03 MAY Kizim and Solovyev make a 2 hour, 45 minute spacewalk to complete
the engine repairs.
06 MAY Progress 20 undocks.
07 MAY Progress 20 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
07 MAY Progress 21 launched.
10 MAY Progress 21 docks at rear port.
18 MAY Kizim and Solovyev make a 3 hour, 5 minute spacewalk to add extra
cells to the second of Salyut-7's three solar panels.
26 MAY Progress 21 undocks and is directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
28 MAY Progress 22 launched.
30 MAY Progress 22 docks at the rear port.
15 JUL Progress 22 undocks and is directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
17 JUL Soyuz T-12 launched with Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Svetlana Savitskaya,
and Igor Volk aboard.
18 JUL Soyuz T-12 docks at the rear port.
25 JUL Dzhanibekov and Savitskaya (the first woman to do so) make a
3 hour, 35 minute spacewalk to perform a number of technical
experiments.
29 JUL Soyuz T-12 lands with Dzhanibekov, Savitskaya and Volk aboard.
08 AUG Kizim and Solovyev make a 5 hour spacewalk to purform further
repair work on Salyut-7's rocket engines.
14 AUG Progress 23 launched.
16 AUG Progress 23 docks at the rear port.
26 AUG Progress 23 undocks.
28 AUG Progress 23 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
02 OCT Soyuz T-11 lands with Kizim, Solovyev and Atkov aboard - they have
set a new space endurance record of 237 days.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1985.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
06 JUN Soyuz T-13 launched with Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Viktor Savinykh
aboard.
08 JUN Soyuz T-13 docks at the front port.
21 JUN Progress 24 launched.
23 JUN Progress 24 docks at the rear port.
15 JUL Progress 24 undocks and is directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
19 JUL Cosmos 1669 (a progress-type cargo ferry) launched.
21 JUL Cosmos 1669 docks at the rear port.
02 AUG Dzhanibekov and Savinkh make a 5 hour spacewalk to add extra solar
cells to Salyut-7's third solar panel.
28 AUG Cosmos 1669 undocks.
30 AUG Cosmos 1669 directed into the atmosphere to burn up.
17 SEP Soyuz T-14 launched with Vladimir Vasyutin, Georgi Grechko and
Aleksandr Volkov aboard.
18 SEP Soyuz T-14 docks at the rear port.
25 SEP Soyuz T-13 undocks, carrying Dzhanibekov and Grechko.
26 SEP After a day of independent flight, Soyuz T-13 lands.
27 SEP Cosmos 1686 (a forerunner of the Kvant astrophysics module) launched
by Proton rocket.
02 OCT Cosmos 1686 docks at the front port.
21 NOV Soyus T-14 lands with Vasyutin, Savinykh and Volkov aboard - the
mission cut short by Vasyutin's illness.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1986.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
05 MAY Soyuz T-15 leaves Mir space station with Leonid Kizim and Vladimir
Solovyev aboard.
06 MAY Soyuz T-15 docks at the front port.
28 MAY Kizim and Solovyev make a 3 hour, 50 minute spacewalk to retrieve
equipment from outside Salyut-7, and experimental space construction
techniques.
31 MAY Kizim and Solovyev make a 5 hour spacewalk to continue space
construction experiments.
25 JUN Soyuz T-15 undocks to carry Kizim and Solovyev back to Mir - the
end of the last planned expedition to the laboratory.
22 AUG Salyut-7 reaches a 475km high, circular orbit, after a combination
of firings by both its own and Cosmos 1686's engines.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1991.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
07 FEB Salyut-7 with Cosmos 1686 still attatched re-enters the atmosphere,
burning up over Argentina.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My final diary will be the Salyut-6 diary that I have compiled.
It will be posted soon. Bye for now Tim.
|
| 700.16 | Naviagtion Support for the Salyut 7 re-entry | PORTIA::BIRO | | Fri Sep 11 1992 15:59 | 26 |
| esa journal 92/2 has a very interesting article about
the Naviagation Suppor tfor the Salyut-7/Kosmos 1686 Orbital Comples
Near Re-entry...
Page 209 by V. Lobachev et al.
I found it interesting that
" The majority of the Salyut-7 station's on-board equipment, sucha s
the command and telemetry radio-links, temperature- control device,
tracking data syste, orientation system, and some service systems, was
operational at the moment of re-rentry into the Earth's atmosphere,
However, the possibilities for controlled de-orbiting were limited by
the small amout of fuel in the station's tanks (about 70kg instead of
the 400 kg necessary for a controlled re-entry). Kosmos 1686 had
stopped function in December 1989....
"
Thus I am assuming that the 19.954 beacon was from kosmos 1686 and
the 166 MHz was the TLM from Salyut 7.. THis seem to fit as the
19.954 was last heard of in the late 89 or early 90. Does anyone
have any more info on the actual last date?
thanks john
|
| 700.17 | Cosmonaut missions to SALYUT 7 | VERGA::KLAES | All the Universe, or nothing! | Mon Sep 28 1992 16:15 | 341 |
| Article: 2052
Newsgroups: sci.space.news
From: [email protected] (Voevodin S.A.)
Subject: VSA027: The "Salyut-7" Chart
Sender: [email protected]
Organization: AO ORBI (MS-DOS)
Date: Fri, 25 Sep 1992 18:08:34 GMT
***********************************************************
* VSA027 16.09.1992 (c) Sergey A. Voevodin *
***********************************************************
The Salyut-7 Chart
1 2 3 4 5
04.81 01.82 02.82
Soyuz T-5 Soyuz T-5 Soyuz T-5 Soyuz T-5 Soyuz T-5
/RE/ /RE/ /RE/ /RE/ /RE/
Isaulov Isaulov Isaulov Berezovoi Berezovoi
Lebedev Lebedev Lebedev Lebedev Lebedev
Dzhanibekov Dzhanibekov Dzhanibekov Dzhanibekov Lyakhov
Manarov Manarov Manarov Manarov Aleksandrov
Lyakhov Lyakhov Lyakhov Lyakhov Malyshev
Aleksandrov Aleksandrov Aleksandrov Aleksandrov Manarov
Soyuz T-6 Soyuz T-6 Soyuz T-6 Soyuz T-6 Soyuz T-6
/VE/ /VE/ /VE/ /VE/ /VE/
Malyshev Malyshev Malyshev Malyshev Dzanibekov
Ivanchenkov Ivanchenkov Ivanchenkov Ivanchenkov Ivanchenkov
Chretien Chretien Chretien Chretien Chretien
Kizim Kizim Kizim Kizim Kizim
Soloviyov Soloviyov Soloviyov Soloviyov Soloviyov
Baudry Baudry Baudry Baudry Baudry
Soyuz T-7 Soyuz T-7 Soyuz T-7 Soyuz T-7 Soyuz T-7
/VE/ /VE/ /VE/ /VE/ /VE/
Popov Popov Popov Popov Popov
Serebrov Serebrov Serebrov Serebrov Serebrov
Savitskaya Savitskaya Savitskaya Savitskaya Savitskaya
Romanenko Vasyutin Vasyutin Vasyutin Vasyutin
Savinykh Savinykh Savinykh Savinykh Savinykh
Kuleshova Kuleshova Pronina Pronina Pronina
Soyuz T-8 Soyuz T-8 Soyuz T-8 Soyuz T-8 Soyuz T-8
/EE/ /EE/ /EE/ /EE/ /EE/
Titov Titov Titov Titov Titov
Strekalov Strekalov Strekalov Strekalov Strekalov
Kuleshova Kuleshova Pronina Pronina Pronina
Viktorenko? Viktorenko? Viktorenko? Viktorenko? Viktorenko?
Sevastiyanov? Sevastiyanov? Sevastiyanov? Sevastiyanov? Sevastiyanov?
Pronina Pronina Savitskaya Savitskaya Savitskaya
RE - a resident expedition
VE - a visiting expedition
EE - an extended expedition
1 - In early 1981 trainings for 1982 expeditions began. Three crews were
formed for the 1st RE. Two VEs - an international Soviet-French and
another with ( the second ) a woman were planed also for the year.
Following those missions there was prepared an EE ( prolonged VE or
shorted RE, Soyuz T-3 style ).
2 - Romanenko fell ill with a "star fever" and was replaced by Vasyutin.
3 - Kuleshova was removed from the crew owing to medical problems.
4 - Isaulov had to retire from the cosmonaut team due to previous hepati-
tis, and a badly rafting crew was launched for a long duration mission.
5 - Dzhanibekov and Malyshev were swapped as Malyshev did not come to
terms with Chretien.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 7 8 9 10
09.82 04.83 05.83 01.09.83
Soyuz T-8 Soyuz T-8 Soyuz T-8 Soyuz T-9 Soyuz T-10
/EE/ /EE/ /EE/ /RE/ /RE/
Titov Titov Titov Lyakhov Titov
Strekalov Strekalov Strekalov Aleksandrov Strekalov
Pronina Pronina Serebrov
Titov Kizim
Viktorenko? Lyakhov Lyakhov Strekalov Soloviyov
Sevastiyanov? Aleksandrov Aleksandrov
Savitskaya Serebrov Savinykh Malyshev Vasyutin
Manarov Savinykh
Vasyutin Vasyutin Vasyutin
Savinykh Savinykh Savinykh Vasyutin Viktorenko
Savinykh Sevastiyanov
Soyuz T-9 Soyuz T-9
/RE/ /RE/ Soyuz T-9 Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-11
Lyakhov Lyakhov /RE/ /RE/ /RE/
Aleksandrov Aleksandrov Lyakhov Titov Kizim
Aleksandrov Strekalov Soloviyov
Malyshev Malyshev Volk
Manarov Manarov Malyshev Malyshev
Manarov Manarov Vasyutin
Kizim Kizim Savinykh
Soloviyov Soloviyov Kizim Kizim Levchenko
Soloviyov Soloviyov
Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-10 Viktorenko
/RE/ /RE/ Vasyutin Vasyutin Sevastiyanov
Malyshev Malyshev Savinykh Savinykh Stankyavichus
Manarov Manarov
Volk Volk Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-12
/RE/ /RE/ /VE/
Kizim Kizim Malyshev Malyshev Malyshev
Soloviyov Soloviyov Manarov Manarov Rukavishnikov
Levchenko Levchenko Volk Volk Sharma
Vasyutin Vasyutin Kizim Kizim Berezovoi
Savinykh Savinykh Soloviyov Soloviyov Grechko
Stankyavichus Stankyavichu Levchenko Levchenko Malhotra
Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-11 Vasyutin Vasyutin Soyuz T-13
/VE/ /VE/ Savinykh Savinykh /VE/
Viktorenko Viktorenko Stankayvichus Stankyavichus Romanenko
Sevastiyanov Sevastiyanov Laveikin
Polyakov Polyakov Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-12 Polyakov
/VE/ /VE/
Romanenko Romanenko Viktorenko Viktorenko Dzhanibekov
Laveikin Laveikin Savastiaynov Sevastiyanov Manarov
Potapov Potapov Polyakov Polyakov Potapov
Romanenko Romanenko Soyuz T/Pion
Laveikin Laveikin /RE/
Potapov Potapov Romanenko
Popov
Soyuz T/Pion Titov
/RE/ Soloviyov
Romanenko
Popov Kolesnikov
Kizim Lisun
Soloviyov Khludeev
Glazkov
Kolesnikov Rozhdestvensky
Lisun Stepanov
Khludeyev Illarionov
Glazkov
Rozhdestvensky
Stepanov
Illarionov
6 - The first stage in Salyut-7's life was over and for 1983 three flights
were planed:
1. The EE ( 3 months ) for working with Kosmos-1443, was also going
to be the first long duration mission for a woman.
2. The second RE.
3. The third RE was scheduled to be launched in the end of the
year and the first Buran pilot should have felt space, it was
going to be the first swap crew mission. Some time later the
next VE should have brought a doctor for the RE.
7 - Savitskaya refused to be in the back-up crew and her crew was shifted
from hot positions.
8 - Savitskaya made a leave and did everything to block the way into spa-
ce for Pronina too, whom Serebrov replaced in the prime crew.
9 - After Soyuz T-8 failure the flights' plan was changed a little. New
Pion militay group was formed for a future military Kosmos module
flight.
10 - Crews for the Soviet-Indian mission were formed and other crews under-
went changes too.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 12 13 14 15
10.83 11.83 12.83 02.84 04.84
Soyuz T-13
Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-10 /EE/
/RE/ /RE/ /RE/ /RE/ Savitskaya
Kizim Kizim Kizim Kizim Ivanova
Soloviyov Soloviyov Soloviyov Soloviyov Dobrokvashina
Volk Atkov Atkov Atkov
Viktorenko
Vasyutin Vasyutin Vasyutin Vasyutin Aleksandrov
Savinykh Savinykh Savinykh Savinykh Rukavishnikov?
Levchenko Polyakov Polyakov Polyakov
Soyuz T-14
Viktorenko Viktorenko Viktorenko Viktorenko /RE/
Sevastiyanov Sevastiyanov Sevastiyanov Sevastiyanov Vasyutin
Stankyavichus Potapov Potapov Potapov Savinykh
Soloviyov Soloviyov Soloviyov Soloviyov Viktorenko
Serebrov Serebrov Serebrov Serebrov Aleksandrov
Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-11 Soloviyov
/VE/ /VE/ /VE/ /VE/ Serebrov
Malyshev Malyshev Malyshev Malyshev
Rukavishnikov Rukavishnikov Rukavishnikov Strekalov Titov
Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Manarov
Berezovoi Berezovoi Berezovoi Berezovoi Soyuz T-15
Grechko Grechko Grechko Grechko /VE/
Malhotra Malhotra Malhotra Malkhotra Berezovoi?
Grechko?
Soyuz T-12 Soyuz T-12 Soyuz T-12 Soyuz T-12 Levchenko
/VE/ /VE/ /VE/ /VE/
Romanenko Romanenko Dzhanibekov Dzhanibekov Lyakhov?
Laveikin Laveikin Savitskaya Savitskaya Rukavishnikov?
Polyakov Volk Volk Volk Stankyavichus
Dzhanibekov Dzhanobekov Vasyutin Vasyutin Soyuz T-16
Manarov Manarov Savinykh Savinykh /RE/
Potapov Levchenko Ivanova Ivanova Romanenko
Laveikin?
Soyuz T/Pion Stankyavichus Levchenko Levchenko Kolesnikov
/RE/
Romanenko Soyuz T/Pion Soyuz T/Pion Soyuz T/Pion Popov
Popov /RE/ /RE/ /RE/ ?
Titov Romanenko Romanenko Romanenko Lisun
Soloviyov Popov Popov Popov
Titov Titov Titov Titov
Kolesnikov Soloviyov Soloviyov Soloviyov Manarov?
Lisun Khludeev
Khludeev Kolesnokov Kolesnikov Kolesnikov
Glazkov Lisun Lisun Lisun
Rozhdestvensky Khludeev Khludeev Khludeev
Stepanov Glazkov Glazkov Glazkov
Illarionov Rozhdestvensky Rozhdestvensky Rozhdestvensky
Stepanov Stepanov Stepanov
Illarionov Illarionov Illarionov
11 - The September Soyuz T launch abort broke the plans again. Lyakhov/
Aleksandrov flight was prolonged and the Soyuz T-10 start was still
expected. But the schedule was not fulfilled due to Salyut-7 engine
problems.
12 - The plan for 1984 was changed: one RE ( and a doctor was to fly the
entire period of mission ) and two VEs - a Soviet-Indian and another
with Buran tester ). There was no swap crew mission planed.
13 - NASA announced about the first female EVA, and the Soviets changed
their plans, a special mission was invented.
14 - Rukavishnikov got the flue and was replaced by Strekalov.
15 - Glushko wanted more "firsts" and formed the first all-women crew,
it was to be an EE. And the original missions for 1985 were:
1. The female EE during The International Women's Day;
2. The 4th RE;
3. A Buran pilot VE;
4. The last ( 5th ) RE - Pion.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 17 18 19
11.84 02.85 03.85 12.85
Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-13 Soyuz T-15
/EE/ /RE/ /RE/
Savitskaya Savitskaya Dzhanibekov Viktorenko
Ivanova Ivanova Savinykh Aleksandrov
Dobrokvashina Dobrokvashina Salei
Popov
Viktorenko Viktorenko Aleksandrov Soloviyov
Aleksandrov Aleksandrov Serebrov
Rukavishnikov? Soloviyov Malyshev Moskalenko
Soyuz T-14 Soyuz T-14 Berezovoi Titov
/RE/ /RE/ Manarov
Vasyutin Dzhanibekov Romanenko
Savinykh Savinykh Romanenko
Volkov Soyuz T-14 Laveikin
Popov /RE/
Viktorenko Aleksandrov Vasyutin
Aleksandrov Grechko
Salei Malyshev Volkov
Soloviyov Berezovoi Viktorenko
Serebrov Strekalov
Moskalenko Romanenko Salei
Titov Soyuz T-15 Soloviyov
Manarov /RE/ Serebrov
Vasyutin Moskalenko
Soyuz T-15 Grechko
/VE/ Volkov Titov
Berezovoi? Manarov
Grechko? Viktorenko
Levchenko Strekalov Soyuz T-15
Salei /VE/
Lyakhov? Savitskaya
Rukavishnikov? Soloviyov Ivanova
Stankyavichus Serebrov Dobrokvashina
Moskalenko
Viktorenko
Aleksandrov
Soloviyov
Soyuz T-16
/VE/
Berezovoi?
Soloviyov?
Levchenko
Lyakhov?
Rukavishnikov?
Stankyavichus
16 - The military Pion mission was scattered and the next crew in turn
was to carry out the Pion's programm.
17 - The Salyut-7 died and the original plan crushed but Glushko didn't
want to lose the all-women crew idea and made up his mind to launch
free-flying Soyuz spaceship with the crew. The most experienced cos-
monauts were selected for Salyut-7 repair, other missions were post-
poned.
18 - The free-flying female Soyuz mission was replaced by a female VE to
Mir.
19 - The last Salyut-7 RE was to complete the program of the previous
flight that was ceased due to Vasyutin's prostate disease. However
the mission was never carried out. But it is another story...
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Sergey A. Voevodin
8 Okruzhnoy proezd 11-2
156014 Kostroma
Russia
tel.(fax) +7 0942 552853
e-mail (internet): [email protected]
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