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Conference 7.286::space

Title:Space Exploration
Notice:Shuttle launch schedules, see Note 6
Moderator:PRAGMA::GRIFFIN
Created:Mon Feb 17 1986
Last Modified:Thu Jun 05 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:974
Total number of notes:18843

671.0. "GPS DEC Seminar" by 25492::KINZELMAN (Paul Kinzelman) Mon Nov 19 1990 10:59

                  MAET Satellite Network Courses Description

    Title THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

Instructor(s)     Dr. Ira M. Weiss
Date              07-DEC-90
Time              11:00 - 5:00
Location          Lent Satellite Room.  MLO4-5
Course Number     12SAT-66
Course Fee        $  300
Registration      Log into COURSES software on MILRAT
                  Username is COURSES and password is TRAINING.
Cancellation      Kindly withdraw yourself 48 hours prior to the class to
                  avoid being charged.

Audience          This course is set at the introductory level.  It will
                  benefit technical managers and system engineers who
                  desire an undersanding of the Global Positioning System's
                  potential.  Some facility with engineering terms and
                  analysis is assumed.

Description       Originally developed by the military to track the flight
                  of missiles, the Global Positioning System (GPS) receives
                  signals from four satellites.  The GPS is currently used
                  by NASA, General Motors and many Japanese companies for a
                  variety of tasks that require knowing the location of an
                  object.

                  Significant advances in the use of the Global Positioning
                  System are taking place.   Its stringent position
                  requirements are being applied to tracking vehicles,
                  geographic information systems and environmental
                  monitoring systems.

                  This program will address basic principals of GPS
                  operations, orbital configurations, signal structure, and
                  principal factors influencing system accuracy for various
                  classes of users.  Operating principals, differential
                  concepts, error sources, and user receiver functions will
                  be discussed.

                  You will learn about the diversity of current and
                  potential applications in military, space and civil
                  navigation, survey, geodesy, and range and space tests.

For more info, mail to MILRAT::CORADMIN
T.RTitleUserPersonal
Name
DateLines
671.1Navstar GPS Constellation Status (91-02-22)PRAGMA::GRIFFINDave GriffinMon Feb 25 1991 18:2368
From: [email protected] (Richard Langley)
Subject: Navstar GPS Constellation Status (91-02-22)
Date: 22 Feb 91 16:37:56 GMT
Organization: The Internet


                        Navstar GPS Constellation Status
                                   (91-02-22)

Blk                       NASA   Orbit
II        PRN Internat. Catalog  Plane   Launch
Seq   SVN Code   ID      Number  Pos'n    Date   Clock        Comment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Block I
       1   4  1978-020A  10684          78-02-22      Not usable since 85-07-17
       2   7  1978-047A  10893          78-05-13      Not usable since 81-07-16
       3   6  1978-093A  11054    A-3   78-10-06  Rb  Usable as of 78-11-13
       4   8  1978-112A  11141          78-12-10      L-band signals turned
                                                       off 89-10-14
       5   5  1980-011A  11690          80-02-09      Not usable since 83-11-28
       6   9  1980-032A  11783    A-2   80-04-26  Rb  Operating on 2nd Rb clock
       7                                81-12-18      Launch failure
       8  11  1983-072A  14189    C-3   83-07-14  Cs  Usable as of 83-08-10
       9  13  1984-059A  15039    C-1   84-06-13  Cs  Usable as of 84-07-19
      10  12  1984-097A  15271    A-1   84-09-08  Cs  Usable as of 84-10-03
      11   3  1985-093A  16129    C-4   85-10-09  Rb  Usable as of 85-10-30
                                                       operating on Rb clock
                                                       without temp. control

Block II
II-1  14  14  1989-013A  19802    E-1   89-02-14  Cs  Became available 89-04-15
II-2  13   2  1989-044A  20061    B-3   89-06-10  Cs  Became available 89-08-10
II-3  16  16  1989-064A  20185    E-3   89-08-18  Cs  Became available 89-10-14
II-4  19  19  1989-085A  20302    A-4   89-10-21  Cs  Became available 89-11-23
II-5  17  17  1989-097A  20361    D-3   89-12-11  Cs  L-band signals enabled
                                                       90-01-06
II-6  18  18  1990-008A  20452    F-3   90-01-24  Cs  Became available 90-02-14
                                                       22:26 UT
II-7  20  20  1990-025A  20533    B-2   90-03-26  Cs  Became available 90-04-18
                                                       23:13 UT
II-8  21  21  1990-068A  20724    E-2   90-08-02  Cs  Became available 90-08-22
                                                       15:00 UT
II-9  15  15  1990-088A  20830    D-2   90-10-01  Cs  Became available 90-10-15
                                                       00:39 UT
Block IIA
II-10 23  23  1990-103A  20959    E-4   90-11-26  Cs  Became available 90-12-10
                                                       23:45 UT

Notes
1.  NASA Catalog Number is also known as NORAD or U.S. Space Command object
    number.
2.  No orbital plane position = satellite no longer operational.
3.  Clock:  Rb = Rubidium; Cs = Cesium
4.  Earlier versions of this table had incorrect end-of-service dates for PRNs 7
    and 5.
5.  PRN 6 may experience problems during its eclipse season due to poor battery
    performance.
6.  PRN 9 has lost momentum wheel stabilization and is currently being spin
    stabilized.  The satellite is only usable for short periods each day when
    its antenna is pointing towards the earth.

==============================================================================
 Richard B. Langley                          BITnet: [email protected] or [email protected]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory                Phone:  (506) 453-5142
 Dept. of Surveying Engineering              Telex:  014-46202
 University of New Brunswick                 FAX:    (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
==============================================================================
671.2Finding yourself with GPS NavstarJVERNE::KLAESAll the Universe, or nothing!Fri Jun 21 1991 12:1246
VNS TECHNOLOGY WATCH:                           [Mike Taylor, VNS Correspondent]
=====================                           [Littleton, MA, USA            ]

           Handy-size Global Navigation System Debuts from Sony

    TOKYO, JAPAN, 1991 JUNE 10 (NB) -- Sony has developed a portable
    device to locate one's position on the globe.  Called the Portable
    GPS Receiver Pixcess, it weighs only 590 grams (1.3 pounds) and is
    small enough to carried around.  It measures 10 x 17.5 x 3.9 cm. 
    It will be sold at 158,000 yen on July 1.

    The gadget locates its current position using two or three space
    satellites called Navstar, which were launched by the U.S. Defense
    Department.  The device can locate one's latitude, the altitude, and
    the navigational speed.  This device can be used for sailing, fishing, 
    diving, gliders, mountaineering, and hiking. It can also be installed 
    in a car as a navigator.

    Sony will also release the GPS core unit, which it says can be
    hooked into a personal computer through an RS-232C port.  This 
    system is expected to appeal to transportation firms.  Japanese car
    makers Mazda and Honda, meanwhile, have developed their own GPS
    system and have installed it in their cars for low-end consumer
    use.  Pioneer has developed a GPS system with a 4-inch LCD and
    CD-ROM-based area maps.  Consequently, GPS systems are seen as the
    next technology wave in Japan.

    Currently, there are 15 satellites floating in orbit.  Nine more
    satellites are expected to be launched and will go into operation by
    1993.  With these satellites, one's position should be locatable
    practically anywhere on Earth.

    (Masayuki Miyazawa/19910610/Press Contact: Sony, +81-3-3448-2200
     Fax, +81-3-3448-3061)

    {Contributed by John Potucek From: [email protected] clari.nb.trends}

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671.3POBOX::KAPLOWSet the WAYBACK machine for 1982Fri Jun 21 1991 19:035
>    It will be sold at 158,000 yen on July 1.
        
        Anyone know what that is in $$$, or if this will be available in
        the US market soon? I understand that these were part of the US
        success story in Desert Storm, for navigating in the desert.
671.4apx 150 Yen per US dollarECADSR::BIROMon Jun 24 1991 10:4813
    The present conversion rate is about 150 yen per US dollar,
    however   the price will most likly be marked up in the US
    to allow for the US import company to make money. (even if 
    it is the same company)
    
    So I would guess you are looking at greater then $1000
    and with mark ups it could go over $2000.
    
    For example a piece of amateur radio equipment that sells for
    $300 dollars in Japan ends up listing in the US for $600.
    
    john                   
    
671.5Markups?PLOUGH::KINZELMANPaul KinzelmanTue Jun 25 1991 11:2110
Re: .4...

   Interesting -  I  remember seeing a book in a bookstore called something
   like  "Why  Japan  Isn't  Going to Make It" (can't remember the author).
   One  of  his  points  was  that Japan's consumer distribution network is
   horribly  inefficient.   He cited as an example that if you are in Japan
   and  you  want  to  buy  a  cordless phone, it's more expensive to buy a
   Japanese  phone  that  stayed  in Japan than one that was first imported
   into the US, then imported back into Japan.

671.6Or Charles Berlitz?UNTADH::HAZELMillion-to-one chances crop up nine times out of tenTue Jun 25 1991 12:006
>  Interesting -  I  remember seeing a book in a bookstore called something
>  like  "Why  Japan  Isn't  Going to Make It" (can't remember the author).
    
    Saddam Hussein, judging by the accuracy of the prediction. :-)
    
    Dave Hazel
671.7DELTA 2 launches NAVSTAR GPSVERGA::KLAESAll the Universe, or nothing!Mon Feb 24 1992 17:5266
Article: 1843
From: [email protected] (WILLIAM HARWOOD, UPI Science Writer)
Newsgroups: clari.tw.space,clari.news.aviation,clari.news.military
Subject: Navigation satellite launched
Date: 23 Feb 92 23:29:39 GMT
 
	CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (UPI) -- A Delta 2 rocket carrying a $65
million military navigation satellite finally thundered away into the
evening sky Sunday on a flight marking the first launch of a
``Navstar'' satellite in seven months. 

	Running nearly three weeks late because of a fuel valve leak
and bad weather last week that blocked two launch tries, the 126-foot
Delta 2 flashed to life at 5:29 p.m. EST and majestically streaked
away into the twilight sky. 

	On board the slender rocket was a Global Positioning System
``Navstar'' satellite, the 12th in a globe-spanning network of such
spacecraft that allow military forces on the ground, at sea and in the
air to determine their location and altitude to within 53 feet
anywhere in the world. 

	After an apparently flawless boost into space, the satellite
was released into a preliminary orbit about 25 minutes after liftoff.
Onboard rockets were scheduled to fire later to put the satellite in
a circular 12-hour orbit 12,500 miles up. 

	Sunday's flight marked the first launch of a Navstar satellite
since July 3, 1991, because of problems with the system used to orient
the spacecraft in orbit.  Those problems have since been resolved and
subsequent launchings are expected every few months. 

	The Air Force plans to launch 21 upgraded ``block 2'' GPS
satellites - one from a space shuttle - to join seven older and less
sophisticated ``block 1'' spacecraft already in orbit. 

	The satellites are built by Rockwell International's Satellite
Systems Division in Seal Beach, Calif., under a $1.2 billion contract.

	When the program is complete, four GPS satellites will be
``visible'' at any given time from anywhere on Earth. Military forces
on the ground, at sea or in the air will be able to use radio signals
from the satellites to pinpoint their locations to within about 53 feet. 

	McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Co. of Huntington Beach,
Calif., was awarded a $316.5 million contract Jan. 21, 1987 to build
seven Delta 2s for the GPS program. The contract included options for
13 additional vehicles for a total contract value of $669 million. 

	Under the terms of the contract, McDonnell Douglas receives a
$3 million incentive fee for every successful flight. But if any of
the first 18 rockets fails for any reason, the company will forfeit
future payments and will have to return the incentive fees paid to
that point, with interest. 

	``We bet $54 million on every launch,'' said one company official.

	Prior to Sunday, the Delta record stood at 28 successes in a
row dating back to May 3, 1986, and a perfect 20 straight for the
upgraded Delta 2. 

	Launch originally was scheduled for Feb. 4, but the flight was
delayed two weeks because of a leak in a second stage fuel valve.
Launch tries last Tuesday and Wednesday were called off due to heavy
clouds and rain. 

671.8Thirteenth NAVSTAR GPS launchedVERGA::KLAESAll the Universe, or nothing!Fri Apr 10 1992 10:3036
Article: 1938
From: [email protected]
Newsgroups: clari.tw.space,clari.news.aviation,clari.news.military
Subject: Navigation satellite launched
Date: 10 Apr 92 03:33:58 GMT
 
	CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (UPI) - A $30 million Delta 2 rocket
blasted off Thursday to put a $65 million military satellite into
orbit, the 13th in a globe-spanning network of navigation beacons. 

	The 126-foot Delta 2 rocket flashed to life with a burst of
flame at 11:20 p.m. EDT and quickly streaked away from the Cape
Canaveral Air Force Station, one week late because of high winds aloft
that scotched two previous launch tries. 

	Mounted inside a protective nose cone was a Global Positioning
System ``Navstar'' satellite, the 13th in a planned network of such
spacecraft that ultimately will allow military forces on the ground,
at sea and in the air to determine their location and altitude to
within 53 feet anywhere in the world. 

	The flight plan called for GPS No. 13 to be ejected into a
preliminary elliptical orbit about 25 minutes after blastoff. On-board
rockets were scheduled to fire later to boost the satellite into a
circular orbit 12,500 miles up. 

	The Air Force plans to launch 21 upgraded ``block 2'' GPS
satellites, built by Rockwell International's Satellite Systems
Division in Seal Beach, Calif., under a $1.2 billion contract. 

	Equipped with sensitive atomic clocks, four such satellites
will be ``visible'' at any given time from anywhere on Earth. Military
forces on the ground, at sea or in the are able to use radio signals
from the satellites to pinpoint their locations with unprecedented
accuracy. 

671.9GPS is Watching YouVERGA::KLAESAll the Universe, or nothing!Thu May 07 1992 18:0190
<><><><><><><><>  T h e   V O G O N   N e w s   S e r v i c e  <><><><><><><><>

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        VNS MAIN NEWS .....................................   63 Lines
        VNS COMPUTER NEWS .................................  166   "
        VNS TECHNOLOGY WATCH ..............................   66   "

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VNS TECHNOLOGY WATCH:                           [Mike Taylor, VNS Correspondent]
=====================                           [Littleton, MA, USA            ]

                         Who Knows Where Your Are?
                         The Satellite Knows

    Michael Morvice wanted his Minute Man Delivery service in Gardena
    Ca., to live up to its name. A big obstacle:  Dispatching the 40
    truck fleet efficiently. Dispatchers had to remember each driver's
    route and were constantly squawking over two way radios to track
    their drivers. Now, dispatchers know at all times where each truck
    is and can alter routes all day long to add last minute pickups.
    Morvice says he can dispatch a truck a truck in half the time. The
    technology that is speeding up Minute Man, called global positioning 
    system (GPS), has a huge potential in all sorts of businesses, from
    tracking cargo on ocean going freighters to guiding jumbo jets.
    Developed by the US DoD at a cost of $3 billion over the past 15
    years, GPS proved itself in the Gulf War when soldiers were able to
    pinpoint their position the trackless desert by consulting boxes the 
    size of paperback books that took readings from satellites. By
    locking on to four satellites, a receiver can determine its position 
    to within 16 meters. By adding a second stationary receiver,
    readings can be refined to centimeter accuracy.

    Now companies ranging from tiny Minute Man to Sony Corp. and
    NorthWest Airlines Inc. are trying to adapt GPS for widespread
    civilian use. By combining GPS signals with other data, such as
    digitized land maps, more intriguing systems are possible. For
    example, intelligent vehicle tracking systems could show drivers on 
    small dashboard computer systems, how to circumvent a traffic jam or 
    where the nearest automatic teller machine is located. Stephen
    Colwell, president of Colwell-Kirtland International, a Sunnyvale
    Ca. consultant, says more than $100 million worth of GPS receivers, 
    about a third of the total market, were sold to nonmilitary users in 
    1991. For this year, he projects sales of $600 million, two-thirds
    of which will be civilian applications. 

    While the market remains small, the early commitment by such big
    names is impressive considering that the US government still
    considers GPS experimental. Worse for customers, when the system
    becomes fully operational in late 1993, DoD intends to continue to
    artificially degrading the signals for national security reasons. By
    fudging the clocks' signals by nanoseconds, the military is able to
    throw receivers off by as much as 100 meters. That is enough to keep
    an enemy from using the GPS signals to launch a missile. Critics say
    it is also enough to slow down many commercial plans. Bob Buley
    claims that anyone with enough receivers and computing savy will be
    able to get accurate readings anyway. And if they can not, there is
    always GLONASS, or Global Navigation Satellite System, a Navstar
    clone developed by the former Soviet Union. Although not as well
    developed as the US system, GLONASS is being tested by Northwest and 
    United Airlines. There may also be other options. Private satellite
    networks designed for voice and data communications, such as
    Motorola's Iridium system, can also emit signals for use in location 
    tracking. Loral and Qualcomm are also working on a string of low
    orbiting satellites called Globalstar that will provide cellular
    communications and positioning data.

    As knowledge of GPS grows, so do potential uses. Satlock Inc., a
    small startup in Stanfield Az., is developing a GPS based navigation 
    aid that will help aerial crop sprayers spread fertilizers and
    pesticides more effectively. Instead of dropping 5x5  inch cards
    with toilet-paper streamers or replying on farmhands holding
    flagpoles to mark their last pass, the system uses readings from
    satellites to keep an accurate record of where they have flown over
    a crop field. A similar system has been tested for spreading from
    tractors. By avoiding overspraying and overfertilizing, GPS is
    expected to save money and reduce pollution.

    {Business Week - February 10, 1992}

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<><><><><><><><>   VNS Edition : 2572    Thursday  7-May-1992   <><><><><><><><>

671.10Richmond VLBI station wrecked by Hurricane AndrewVERGA::KLAESAll the Universe, or nothing!Fri Aug 28 1992 11:0396
From:	DECWRL::"[email protected]" "MAIL-11 Daemon" 28-AUG-1992 
        08:04:44.89
To:	Multiple recipients of list WX-TALK 
CC:	
Subj:	Re:  Destruction of Richmond VLBI Station by Hurricane Andrew

>From @pucc.Princeton.EDU:[email protected]  Thu Aug 27 12:44:24 1992

Received: by ssg.com (1.65/waf)
	via UUCP; Thu, 27 Aug 92 21:04:46 UTC
	for navsys
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Date:         Thu, 27 Aug 1992 13:42:11 ADT
Reply-To: [email protected]
Sender: Canadian Space Geodesy Forum <CANSPACE%[email protected]>
From: [email protected]
Subject:      Destruction of Richmond VLBI Station by Hurricane Andrew
X-To:         [email protected]
To: Multiple recipients of list CANSPACE
 <CANSPACE%[email protected]>

The following is an excerpt from IGS Electronic Mail Message no. 80:
***********************************************************************
IGS Electronic Mail       27-AUG-1992 14:20:12       Message Number 80
***********************************************************************
:::

From:     Tom Clark
Subject:  Richmond VLBI Station EST MORTE
          -------------------------------

I is sad to report the demise of the Richmond, FL geodetic VLBI station
as a result of the fury of Hurricane Andrew.

The Richmond antenna was one of the original Howard Tatel designs, 60 feet
in diameter.  It was originally built for the Carnegie Institute Dept. of
Terrestrial Magnetism in the late 1950s, when it was located at Derwood,
Maryland.  About 10 years ago, Bill Carter of the Nation Geodetic Survey had
it relocated to Richmond where it was jointly operated by the US Naval
Observatory and NGS as one of the prime stations of the POLARIS, IRIS
and NEOS Earth Orientation networks, with technical support from NASA's
Crustal Dynamics Project.

Richmond is also a prime Geodetic GPS facility and in CIGNET, IGS and
FLINN.  It had recently been equipped with a JPL ROGUE GPS receiver.  The
status of the GPS hardware is unknown.

The following report from USNO's Jim Martin at the Washington Correlator
gives the pertinent information as we know it:

>Date: Tue, 25 Aug 92 14:54:08 edt
>From: [email protected]
>To: [email protected]
>Subject: Richmond status
>
>  We have received numerous inquires about the status of Richmond
>  after being struck by Hurricane Andrew. As a former station
>  director at Richmond I'm sad to announce that it appears that
>  the Richmond antenna has been destroyed. Tim Carroll, station
>  Director, managed to find a working phone and called this morning.
>  He described the antenna as a mass of twisted metal pointed at
>  the ground. The station itself sustained some damage but most
>  of the equipment, including the maser and cesium clocks, is
>  OK. Not all of the station personnel have been heard from but
>  that is understandable since the area is almost impassable.
>  Ron Andrukitis, who lived in a mobile home in Homestead, weathered
>  the storm at the station. His home is gone. The emergency generators
>  have also been knocked out. A relief team from USNO is on its
>  way down at this moment. I think the MarkIII rack is mostly ok.
>  One terminal was lost. The receiver was taken off  the antenna and
>  into the station before the storm.
> - Jim Martin

Richmond is located between Coral Gables and Homestead. The news reports
are that the Homestead had 90% devastation.  The National Hurricane Center
at Coral Gables reported peak winds of 164 MPH when the wind sensor broke,
and also lost all of its satellite communications dishes.

Tom Clark

==============================================================================
 Richard B. Langley                        Internet: [email protected] or [email protected]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory              BITnet:   LANG@UNB or SE@UNB
 Dept. of Surveying Engineering            Phone:    (506) 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick               FAX:      (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3        Telex:    014-46202
==============================================================================

% From: "Navigation Sys." <[email protected]>

671.11Using GPS to find water wellsVERGA::KLAESQuo vadimus?Mon Jul 19 1993 13:5447
Article: 3234
From: [email protected] (IU News Bureau)
Newsgroups: clari.local.indiana,clari.tw.space
Subject: Military satellites finding water wells in Indiana
Date: Sun, 18 Jul 93 22:17:35 PDT
 
	BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- U.S. military satellites orbiting Earth
about 11,000 miles above the ground are being used to determine the
exact locations of water wells in northern Indiana. 

	A portable device called a Global Positioning System (GPS)
unit lets geologists receive information from the satellites. 

	The resulting data can be used to locate underground water
sources and determine how potentially vulnerable they are to pollution
by industry or construction, explained geologist Rick Hill of the
Indiana Geological Survey (now an institute of Indiana University at
Bloomington). 

	IGS is doing the study this summer under a contract from the
state government's Department of Environmental Management. 

	Each well's latitude and longitude will be entered in a
computer database for use by state agencies in studies of water
resource planning and protection. 

	The project leaders hope eventually to include every water
well in Indiana. 

	To take advantage of the satellite capability, an IGS
geologist carries the positioning device to a water well and mounts
its antenna on a tripod over the well. 

	The device, measuring about 2 inches by 2 inches by 9 inches,
receives radio signals from at least four orbiting satellites. 

	Typically the unit must gather satellite signals for about 10
minutes to produce accurate results. By recording each signal's time
of arrival, the unit can calculate the distance between its antenna
and the satellite that sent the signal (the signal travels at the
speed of light, and the time it was sent and the satellite's location
are provided by the military). 

	Combining all this information from four satellites allows the
geologists to determine precisely where the well is on Earth's
surface.  The calculated position is accurate to within 6-16 feet. 

671.13Differential GPS tested for aircraft auto-land methodPRAGMA::GRIFFINDave GriffinThu Sep 23 1993 14:2765
Drucella Andersen
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                                September 23, 1993

H. Keith Henry
Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.

John McAnulty
Wilcox Electric


RELEASE:  93-165


     Flight tests with a NASA research aircraft last week demonstrated the first
precision, automatic approaches and landings using Differential Global
Positioning System (DGPS) navigation satellite signals without relying on
complex processing techniques.

     Wilcox Electric, Kansas City, Mo., and NASAUs Langley Research Center,
Hampton, Va., performed the tests using DGPS and a simple "code tracking"
signal-processing technique.  The aircraft position accuracies achieved appear
to satisfy tough Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements for
landings in low-visibility conditions, called "Category IIIB."

     "We've picked up where other recent flight tests have left off," said Wayne
Dohlman, Wilcox Electric's Business Development Director.  "This is the first
time a DGPS autoland has been achieved without the use of special equipment
or processing techniques such as pseudolites or carrier phase tracking."

     Seventeen "hands off" approaches and landings were completed on Sept.
15 using Wilcox DGPS avionics installed in NASA's Boeing 737 research
aircraft.  The flight tests at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, V
a., were conducted under an agreement to test new flight technologies.

     Ground instrument data to confirm that the tests achieved Category IIIB
accuracies will be analyzed next month, but observations based on flight
performance look encouraging.

     "The system performed exceptionally well and consistently, especially for a
first flight test.  I'm looking forward to analyzing the data," said Richard M.
Hueschen, NASA flight test project engineer.

     The aircraft guidance information was unaided by the flight management
system or other avionics.  The landings used raw, differential GPS guidance
supplied to the autopilot in the Boeing 737.  A laser tracker, placed at a known
geographical reference point near the runways, served as an independent
reference system for aircraft-based measurements.

     The code tracking technique used for the tests is a simpler way to
determine aircraft position that is expected to lead to more economical DGPS
ground systems and avionics.  That could make satellite guidance of precision
approaches and landings practical for commercial aircraft.

     The aviation industry now is doing tests with the Global Positioning System
to see if the satellite technology is feasible for widespread private and
commercial airline use in precision approach landings.  The technology could
provide an inexpensive, worldwide, all-weather landing system.  Differential
techniques are used to augment or correct raw signals beamed through space
from the GPS satellites.

     FAA is evaluating DGPS readiness for precision approach and landing.  FAA
and other international civil aviation authorities will meet in 1995 to examine
the results of these evaluations and agree on a worldwide policy for the use of
DGPS for navigation and landing.
 
671.14GPS Info SourcesVERGA::KLAESQuo vadimus?Fri Oct 01 1993 13:38366
From:	US1RMC::"[email protected]" "Richard Langley"  1-OCT-1993 10:18:39.76
To:	[email protected]
CC:	
Subj:	GPS Information Sources

  GPS INFORMATION SOURCES
  =======================
  (Revised 1 October 1993; revisions since previous update marked with bar '|')

  Prepared by

    Richard B. Langley
    Geodetic Research Laboratory
    Dept. of Surveying Engineering
    University of New Brunswick
    Fredericton, N.B.
    Canada  E3B 5A3
    Phone: (506) 453-5142
    Fax:   (506) 453-4943
    Telex: 014-46202
    e-mail: [email protected]

  Comments and additions to this document are welcome.


  1. OFFICIAL CIVILIAN INFORMATION SOURCE
  ---------------------------------------

  GPS INFORMATION CENTER
  o  Official U.S. Gov't. point of contact for civilian users
  o  Operated by U.S. Coast Guard
  o  Voice telephone recording for constellation status: (703) 313-5907
  o  Computer bulletin board: (703) 313-5910 (up to 14,400
     bps) - almanacs, general information, etc.
|    Available via the Internet through the FedWorld BBS gateway system.  Telnet
|    to fedworld.gov and from the top menu, type DD54 to connect to the GPSIC
|    BBS.  See file GPSIC.VIA.INTERNET.INFO in the CANSPACE file archives (see
|    below) for more information.
  o  24 hour watchstand personnel: (703) 313-5900; fax: (703) 313-5920
  o  WWV / WWVH shortwave broadcasts - constellation status
  o  DMA and USCG notices and broadcasts


  2. ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SERVICES
  ----------------------------------

  UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY
  o  Responsible for monitoring behaviour of satellite clocks
  o  Clock data and general information on GPS available
     from Automated Data Service (BBS): (202) 653-0155,
     -0068, and -1079 (all bit rates); also available via the
     Internet (192.5.41.239; anonymous ftp permitted; for telnet
     connection, log in as ads -- a password is required -- GPS users may
     contact Francine Vannicola, [email protected] for the password);
     files also available via automated e-mail -- contact Francine Vannicola
     for information
  o  USNO Series 4 mailed weekly bulletins contain satellite clock info

  INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION SERVICE
  o  System maintained by IERS Central Bureau in Paris
  o  Earth orientation data from very long baseline interferometry,
     laser ranging, and GPS observations
  o  Sets of space geodesy station coordinates
  o  UTC leap second announcements
  o  Access via anonymous ftp: mesiom.obspm.circe.fr (130.84.200.6)

| 2D SPACE OPERATIONS SQUADRON BBS
| o  Operated by U.S. Air Force 2d Space Operations Squadron, Falcon AFB, CO
| o  Service for GPS users from DoD, other U.S. gov't. agencies, NATO, gov't.
|    contractors
| o  Almanacs, NANUs, Operational Advisories
| o  DSN 560-6379; (719) 550-6379 (up to 2400 bps; N-8-1)

  USAF GPS BBS AT HOLLOMAN AFB, NM
| o  Operated by U.S. Air Force 6585th Test Group; formerly at Yuma
  o  Daily almanac, observed range errors, tracking data
  o  (505) 679-1525 (variety of bit rates)

| U.S. ARMY ELECTRONIC PROVING GROUND EGRIS BBS
  o  Operated by U.S Army
  o  NANUs, almanac and ephemeris data
  o  (602) 538-3818 (300 and 1200 bps); (602) 538-3856 (9600 bps)

  UNITED KINGDOM CIVIL SATELLITE GROUP ELECTRONIC BBS
  o  Operated by the University of Nottingham for the Royal Institution of
     Navigation
  o  Full access is only available to members of UKCSG
  o  +44-602-422111 (2400 bps)

  GPSINFO ELECTRONIC VIDEOTEX BBS
  o  Operated by the Survey Department of Rijkswaterstaat, (the Dutch
     Ministry of Transport and Public Works), Delft
  o  +31-15-561959 (1200 and 2400 bps)

  GPS INFO ELECTRONIC BBS
  o  Operated by Statens Kartverk (the Norweigan Mapping Authority), Honefoss.
  o  +47-321-24045 and -18369 (1200 and 2400 bps)

  GLOBAL SATELLITE SOFTWARE BBS
  o  Operated by Global Satellite Software, Inc., San Jose, California
  o  (408) 252-7358 (300 / 1200 / 2400 bps)

  INSTITUT FUR ANGEWANDTE GEODASIE BBS
  o  Frankfurt/M, Germany
  o  +49-69-6333-379 (up to 19200 bps)

  GRINEL - PROFESSIONAL ELECTRONICS BBS
  o  Verwoerdburg, South Africa
  o  Stutus advisories, almanac
  o  +27-12-663-2583 (300 to 2400 bps)

  KORT- OG MATRIKELSTYRELSEN BBS
  o  Kobenhavn, Denmark
  o  +45-3-185-3541 (up to 2400 bps)

  ASSOCIATED CONSULTING INC. BBS
  o  Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A.
  o  (702) 647-9266 (300/1200/2400 bps)

  NATIONAL LAND SURVEY BBS
  o  Gavle, Sweden
  o  +46-26-153748 (up to 19200 bps)

  AUSLIG GEODESY ELECTRONIC BBS
  o  Operated by Australian Surveying and Land Information Group
  o  Constellation status, almanac data, related geodetic information
  o  +61-6-201-4375 or -4378 (300 to 600 bps)

  CANADIAN SPACE GEODESY FORUM
  o  A LISTSERV-based discussion and information electronic mailing list
  o  Address of list: [email protected]
  o  Address for further information: [email protected]
  o  File archive in "directory" PUB.CANSPACE on unbmvs1.csd.unb.ca
     (131.202.1.2) available by anonymous ftp
  o  Latest DoD NANUs may be obtained by "fingering" [email protected]

  OTHER GPS MAILING LISTS
  o  GPS DIGEST
     Moderated by Andy Arkusinski and Ken Jongsma of Smiths Industries, Grand
     Rapids, MI.

     According to the moderators ...
     The GPS Digest is a forum for the discussion of topics related to the USAF
     Global Positioning System (GPS) and other satellite navigation positioning
     systems. The GPS Digest is moderated and is not presently available via
     USENET newsgroup. Submissions should be made to [email protected].
     Administrative requests [including requests to be added to the mailing
     list] should be made to [email protected].
     The digests are archived in the CANSPACE file archives.

  o  GPStech
     The GPStech Mailing List
     Operated by Jeff Freymueller, Stanford University

     Jeff Freymueler has begun an unmoderated mailing list for the discussion of
     GPS technical and other issues. The intention is to provide a forum for the
     exchange of information, for discussion of the finer technical points that
     always seem to trip us up, and for questions about particular GPS analysis
     software.

     GPStech is intended to be primarily for discussions and
     question-and-answer.  Hopefully there will soon be several list members who
     are experienced with each of the commonly-used software systems, so that
     questions can be answered.  Any message sent to the list account is
     immediately sent out to all members of the list. All messages willbe
     automatically archived in daily files.

     Use the following mail addresses to access the GPStech list:

     [email protected]          -- to post a message
     [email protected]  -- to join or quit the list

  USENET
  Several USENET news groups have occasional postings related to GPS.  Among
  them are
  o  comp.infosystems.gis (gatewayed with the LISTSERV list
                           [email protected])
  o  rec.aviation.misc
  o  rec.boats
  o  sci.space
  o  sci.space.news


  3. PERIODICALS
  --------------

  GPS WORLD MAGAZINE
  o  Monthly magazine covering the spectrum of GPS usage
  o  Free subscriptions to qualified individuals
  o  Advanstar Communications
     P.O. Box 10460
     Eugene, Oregon  97440-2460
     U.S.A.
     Phone: (503) 343-1200
     Fax:   (503) 344-3514
     Telex: 510-597-0365

  GPS WORLD NEWSLETTER
  o  6-page newsletter published twice a month by Advanstar Communications
  o  For subscruption information, contact GPS World at the address and phone
     numbers above

  GPS REPORT
  o  8-page newsletter containing news and analysis on commercial and military
     applications of GPS
  o  Also available electronically via NewsNet and Predicasts
  o  Phillips Business Information, Inc.
     7811 Montrose Road
     Potomac, MD  20854
     U.S.A.
     Phone: (301) 340-2100
     Fax:   (301) 424-4297
     Telex: 358149

   CSTG GPS SUBCOMMISSION'S GPS BULLETIN
  o  Bulletin of the GPS Subcommission under Commission VIII, Inter-
     national Coordination of Space Techniques for Geodesy and Geo-
     dynamics of the International Association of Geodesy and the
     International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
  o  Reports on GPS developments related to high accuracy uses of GPS
  o  Status of the Cooperative International GPS Network (CIGNET)
  o  GPS Bulletin is prepared and distributed by the National Geodetic
     Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.
     Department of Commerce
  o  Editor: Miranda Chin
     NOAA, N/OES13
    1305 East-West Highway
     Silver Springs, MD  20910
     Phone: (301)713-2852
     Fax:   (301) 713-4475
     e-mail: [email protected]


  4. BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS
  -----------------------

  Ackroyd, N. and R. Lorimer (1990).  Global Navigation, A GPS User's Guide.
  Lloyd's of London, 202 pp.

  ARINC Research Corporation (1991).  System Specifications for Navstar GPS
  Space Segment/Navigation Users Interface.  GPS Interface Control Document.
  ICD-GPS-200, 3 July, 115 pp.

  Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., H. Lichtenegger, and J.Collins (1992).  Global
  Positioning System, Theory and Practice.  Springer-Verlag, 326 pp.

  Institute of Navigation, The (1980).  Global Positioning System. Vol. I.
  Collected reprints of papers published in Navigation.  The Institute of
  Navigation (U.S.), 246 pp.

  Institute of Navigation, The (1984).  Global Positioning System.  Vol. II.
  Collected reprints of papers published in Navigation.  The Institute of
  Navigation (U.S.), 257 pp.

  Institute of Navigation, The (1986).  Global Positioning System.  Vol. III.
  Collected reprints of papers published in Navigation.  The Institute of
  Navigation (U.S.), 293 pp.

  King, R.W., E.G. Masters, C. Rizos, A. Stolz, and J. Collins (1985).
  Surveying with GPS.  Monograph 9.  School of Surveying, The University of New
  South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

  Leick, A. (1990).  GPS Satellite Surveying.  John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New
  York, Toronto, 352 pp.

  Logsdon, T. (1992).  Navstar Global Positioning System.  Van Nostrand
  Reinhold, New York, 249 pp.

  McElroy, S., E. Masters, G. Jones, D. Kinlyside, C. Rizos, A. Siversten, P.
  Brown, O. Moss, and G. Dickson (1992).  Getting Started with GPS Surveying.
  The Global Positioning Consortium (GPSCO), c/o School of Surveying, The
  University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia, 186 pp.

  Seeber, G. (1993).  Satellite Geodesy: Foundations, Methods, and Applications.
  Revised translation of Satellitengeodsie.  Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin,
  531 pp.

  Trimble Navigation, Ltd. (1989).  GPS: A Guide to the Next Utility.  Trimble
  Navigation Ltd., Sunnyvale, California., 76 pp.

  Trimble Navigation, Ltd. (1992).  GPS Surveyor's Field Guide -- A Field
  Guidebook for Static Surveying.  Trimble Navigation Ltd., Sunnyvale,
  California.

  Trimble Navigation, Ltd. (1992).  GPS Surveyor's Field Guide -- A Field
  Guidebook for Dynamic Surveying.  Trimble Navigation Ltd., Sunnyvale,
  California, 72 pp.

| Trimble Navigation, Ltd. (1993).  Differential GPS Explained -- An expose of
| the surprisingly simple principles behind today's most advanced positioning
| technology.  Trimble Navigation Ltd., Sunnyvale, California, 55 pp.

  Wells, D.E., N. Beck, D. Delikaraoglou,  A. Kleusberg, E.J. Krakiwsky,  G.
  Lachapelle,  R.B. Langley, M. Nakiboglu, K.P. Schwarz, J.M. Tranquilla,  and
  P. Vanicek (1987).  Guide to GPS Positioning.  2nd printing with corrections.
  Canadian GPS Associates, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, 600 pp.


  Many of these books are available from

       Navtech Book and Software Store (a division of Navtech Seminars, Inc.)
       2775 S. Quincy St.
       #610
       Arlington, VA  22206-2204
       U.S.A.
       Phone: (800) 628-0885
              (703) 931-0500
       Fax:   (703) 931-0503


  5. GPS BIBLIOGRAPHY
  -------------------

  A GPS Bibliographic Subscription Service is offered by Canadian GPS
  Associates, publishers of the Guide to GPS Positioning.  This service provides
  twice-yearly updated editions, listing GPS-related publications from journals,
  newsletters, reports, and proceedings of GPS-related conferences.

  The Premier Edition, issued in late 1992, contained 4,358 entries.  This grew
  from a 1,000-entry bibliography prepared in 1989 at the University of New
  Brunswick for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Dredging Research Program
  Technical Report DRP-92-2, available in electronic form as message #5296 on
  the U.S. Coast Guard's GPS Information Center Bulletin Board).  At 8,802
  entries, the July 1993 Edition has doubled in size.

  The GPS Bibliography is available in both hard-copy and computer-readable form
  on PC or Macintosh diskettes.  The PC diskette version is available in either
  the standard CSV (comma-separated-variables) text format, or dBase III format.
  For Macintosh users, the format is tab-separated field text format.

  For further information, contact

    Canadian GPS Associates
    P.O. Box 3184
    Postal Station B
    Fredericton, New Brunswick
    Canada  E3A 5G9
    Phone: (506) 454-2650
    Fax:   (506) 454-0352
    e-mail: [email protected]


| 6. GPS RECEIVER SURVEYS
| -----------------------
|
| GPS Receiver Survey.  Published by Navtech Seminars, Inc. (see above for
| address).  Updated frequently.
|
| GPS World Receiver Survey.  Published annually in the January issue of GPS
| World magazine.
|
| Guide to GPS Receivers.  Published by Colwell-Kirtland International, 675
| Almanor Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA  94086; (408) 720-0111.  Annual publication.
|
| Who's Who in GPS Equipment -- A Technical Reference.  Published by Phillips
| Business Information, Inc., publishers of GPS Report (see above for address).
| Annual publication.

==============================================================================
 Richard B. Langley                        Internet: [email protected] or [email protected]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory              BITnet:   LANG@UNB or SE@UNB
 Dept. of Surveying Engineering            Phone:    (506) 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick               FAX:      (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3        Telex:    014-46202
==============================================================================

671.15GPS Info - February 5VERGA::KLAESQuo vadimus?Mon Feb 07 1994 18:31439
From:	US1RMC::"[email protected]" "Richard Langley"  5-FEB-1994 19:42:39.42
To:	[email protected]
CC:	
Subj:	GPS Information Sources (Revised 5 February 1994)

  GPS INFORMATION SOURCES
  =======================
| (Revised 5 February 1994; revisions since previous update marked with bar '|')

  Prepared by

    Richard B. Langley
    Geodetic Research Laboratory
|   Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering
    University of New Brunswick
    Fredericton, N.B.
    Canada  E3B 5A3
    Phone: (506) 453-5142
    Fax:   (506) 453-4943
    Telex: 014-46202
    e-mail: [email protected]

  Comments and additions to this document are welcome.


  1. OFFICIAL CIVILIAN INFORMATION SOURCE
  ---------------------------------------

  GPS INFORMATION CENTER
  o  Official U.S. Gov't. point of contact for civilian users
  o  Operated by U.S. Coast Guard
  o  Voice telephone recording for constellation status: (703) 313-5907
  o  Computer bulletin board: (703) 313-5910 (up to 14,400
     bps) - almanacs, general information, etc.
     Available via the Internet through the FedWorld BBS gateway system.  Telnet
     to fedworld.gov and from the top menu, type DD54 to connect to the GPSIC
     BBS.  See file GPSIC.VIA.INTERNET.INFO in the CANSPACE file archives (see
     below) for more information.
  o  24 hour watchstand personnel: (703) 313-5900; fax: (703) 313-5920
  o  WWV / WWVH shortwave broadcasts - constellation status
  o  DMA and USCG notices and broadcasts


  2. ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SERVICES
  ----------------------------------

  UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY
  o  Responsible for monitoring behaviour of satellite clocks
  o  Clock data and general information on GPS available
     from Automated Data Service (BBS): (202) 653-0155,
     -0068, and -1079 (all bit rates); also available via the
     Internet (192.5.41.239; anonymous ftp permitted; for telnet
     connection, log in as ads -- a password is required -- GPS users may
     contact Francine Vannicola, [email protected], for the password);
     files also available via automated e-mail -- contact Francine Vannicola
     for information
  o  USNO Series 4 mailed weekly bulletins contain satellite
     clock info

  INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION SERVICE
  o  System maintained by IERS Central Bureau in Paris
  o  Earth orientation data from very long baseline interferometry,
     laser ranging, and GPS observations
  o  Sets of space geodesy station coordinates
  o  UTC leap second announcements
  o  Access via anonymous ftp: mesiom.obspm.circe.fr (130.84.200.6)

  2D SPACE OPERATIONS SQUADRON BBS
  o  Operated by U.S. Air Force 2d Space Operations Squadron, Falcon AFB, CO
  o  Service for GPS users from DoD, other U.S. GovUt. agencies, NATO, GovUt.
     contractors
  o  Almanacs, NANUs, Operational Advisories
  o  DSN 560-6379; (719) 550-6379 (up to 2400 bps; N-8-1)

  USAF GPS BBS AT HOLLOMAN AFB, NM
  o  Operated by U.S. Air Force 6585th Test Group; formerly at Yuma
  o  Daily almanac, observed range errors, tracking data
  o  (505) 679-1525 (variety of bit rates)

  U.S. ARMY ELECTRONIC PROVING GROUND EGRIS BBS
  o  Operated by U.S Army
  o  NANUs, almanac and ephemeris data
  o  (602) 538-3818 (300 and 1200 bps); (602) 538-3856 (9600 bps)

  UNITED KINGDOM CIVIL SATELLITE GROUP ELECTRONIC BBS
  o  Operated by the University of Nottingham for the Royal Institution of
     Navigation
  o  Full access is only available to members of UKCSG
  o  +44-602-422111 (2400 bps)

  GPSINFO ELECTRONIC VIDEOTEX BBS
  o  Operated by the Survey Department of Rijkswaterstaat, (the Dutch
     Ministry of Transport and Public Works), Delft
  o  +31-15-561959 (1200 and 2400 bps)

  GPS INFO ELECTRONIC BBS
  o  Operated by Statens Kartverk (the Norwegian Mapping Authority),
     Honefoss.
  o  +47-321-24045 and -18369 (1200 and 2400 bps)

  GLOBAL SATELLITE SOFTWARE BBS
  o  Operated by Global Satellite Software, Inc., San Jose, California
  o  (408) 252-7358 (300 / 1200 / 2400 bps)

| GIBS - GPS INFORMATIONS- UND BEOBACHTUNGSSYSTEM (INFORMATION AND OBSERVATION
|                                                  SYSTEM)
| o  Operated by Institut fuer Angewandte Geodasie, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| o  +49-69-6333-379 and -418 (up to 19200 bps)
| o  Available via Internet: Telnet to no5.ifag.de (141.74.240.25)
| o  A GPS status report in German is available  at  +49  341 5634-380. The
|    report is updated at the beginning of each working day.
| o  Further information from [email protected]

  GRINEL - PROFESSIONAL ELECTRONICS BBS
  o  Verwoerdburg, South Africa
| o  Operated by Grinel Professional Services on behalf of the Southern Africa
|    GPS User Group
  o  Status advisories, almanac
  o  +27-12-663-2583 (300 to 2400 bps)
| o  According to a report from South Africa dated 4 October 1993, this BBS is
|    no longer active

  KORT- OG MATRIKELSTYRELSEN BBS
  o  Kobenhavn, Denmark
  o  +45-3-185-3541 (up to 2400 bps)

  ASSOCIATED CONSULTING INC. BBS
  o  Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A.
  o  (702) 647-9266 (300/1200/2400 bps)

  NATIONAL LAND SURVEY BBS
  o  Gavle, Sweden
  o  +46-26-153748 (up to 19200 bps)

  AUSLIG GEODESY ELECTRONIC BBS
  o  Operated by Australian Surveying and Land Information Group
  o  Constellation status, almanac data, related geodetic information
  o  +61-6-201-4375 or -4378 (300 to 600 bps)

  CANADIAN SPACE GEODESY FORUM
  o  A LISTSERV-based discussion and information electronic mailing list
  o  Address of list: [email protected]
  o  Address for further information: [email protected]
  o  File archive in "directory" PUB.CANSPACE on unbmvs1.csd.unb.ca
     (131.202.1.2) available by anonymous ftp
| o  File archive also available via Gopher;
|    URL: gopher://unbmvs1.csd.unb.ca:1570/1EXEC%3aCANSPACE
  o  Latest DoD NANUs may be obtained by "fingering" [email protected]

  OTHER GPS MAILING LISTS
  o  GPS DIGEST
     Moderated by Andy Arkusinski and Ken Jongsma of Smiths Industries, Grand
     Rapids, MI.

     According to the moderators ...
     The GPS Digest is a forum for the discussion of topics related to the USAF
     Global Positioning System (GPS) and other satellite navigation positioning
     systems. The GPS Digest is moderated and is not presently available via
     USENET newsgroup. Submissions should be made to [email protected].
     Administrative requests [including requests to be added to the mailing
     list] should be made to [email protected].
     The digests are archived in the CANSPACE file archives.

  o  GPStech
     The GPStech Mailing List
     Operated by Jeff Freymueller, Stanford University

     Jeff Freymueller has begun an unmoderated mailing list for the discussion
     of GPS technical and other issues. The intention is to provide a forum for
     the exchange of information, for discussion of the finer technical points
     that always seem to trip us up, and for questions about particular GPS
     analysis software.

     GPStech is intended to be primarily for discussions and
     question-and-answer.  Hopefully there will soon be several list members who
     are experienced with each of the commonly-used software systems, so that
     questions can be answered.  Any message sent to the list account is
     immediately sent out to all members of the list. All messages will be
     automatically archived in daily files.

     Use the following mail addresses to access the GPStech list:

     [email protected]          -- to post a message
     [email protected]  -- to join or quit the list

  USENET
  Several USENET news groups have occasional postings related to GPS.  Among
  them are
  o  comp.infosystems.gis (gatewayed with the LISTSERV list
                           [email protected])
  o  rec.aviation.misc
  o  rec.boats
  o  sci.space
  o  sci.space.news
| A new USENET news group, sci.geo.satnav, is in the process of being
| established.


  3. PERIODICALS
  --------------

  GPS WORLD MAGAZINE
  o  Monthly magazine covering the spectrum of GPS usage
| o  Current regular subscription rates: US $59, Canada $79, Foreign $117
| o  Special subscription rates may be offered from time to time
| o  Free subscriptions may still be available for qualified individuals
  o  Advanstar Communications
     P.O. Box 10460
     Eugene, Oregon  97440-2460
     U.S.A.
     Phone: (503) 343-1200
|    Fax:   (503) 683-8841
     Telex: 510-597-0365

  GPS WORLD NEWSLETTER
  o  6-page newsletter published twice a month by Advanstar Communications
  o  For subscription information, contact GPS World at the address and phone
     numbers above

  GPS REPORT
  o  8-page newsletter containing news and analysis on commercial and military
     applications of GPS
  o  Also available electronically via NewsNet and Predicasts
  o  Phillips Business Information, Inc.
     7811 Montrose Road
     Potomac, MD  20854
     U.S.A.
     Phone: (301) 340-2100
     Fax:   (301) 424-4297
     Telex: 358149

   CSTG GPS SUBCOMMISSION'S GPS BULLETIN
  o  Bulletin of the GPS Subcommission under Commission VIII, Inter-
     national Coordination of Space Techniques for Geodesy and Geo-
     dynamics of the International Association of Geodesy and the
     International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
  o  Reports on GPS developments related to high accuracy uses of GPS
  o  Status of the Cooperative International GPS Network (CIGNET)
  o  GPS Bulletin is prepared and distributed by the National Geodetic
     Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.
     Department of Commerce
  o  Editor: Miranda Chin
     NOAA, N/OES13
     1305 East-West Highway
     Silver Springs, MD  20910
     Phone: (301)713-2852
     Fax:   (301) 713-4475
     e-mail: [email protected]
| o  According to a report received on 9 November 1993, the GPS Bulletin is no
|    longer being published.

|  GNSS UPDATE
| o  Irregular publication of Transport Canada's Global Navigation Satellite
|    System Working Group
| o  Editor: Deborah Martin
|    Transport Canada
|    Place de Ville, Tower "C"
|    Ottawa, Ontario
|    K1A 0N8
|    Attention: AANDDB
|    Fax: (613) 998-7416

|  SATNAV NEWS
| o  Quarterly publication on developments at the Federal Aviation
|    Administration's Satellite Program Office
| o  Available in electronic form from the CANSPACE file archives (see above)


  4. BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS
  -----------------------

  Ackroyd, N. and R. Lorimer (1990).  Global Navigation, A GPS User's Guide.
  Lloyd's of London, 202 pp.

  ARINC Research Corporation (1991).  System Specifications for Navstar GPS
  Space Segment/Navigation Users Interface.  GPS Interface Control Document.
  ICD-GPS-200, 3 July, 115 pp.

  Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., H. Lichtenegger, and J. Collins (1992).  Global
  Positioning System, Theory and Practice.  Springer-Verlag, 326 pp.

  Institute of Navigation, The (1980).  Global Positioning System. Vol. I.
  Collected reprints of papers published in Navigation.  The Institute of
  Navigation (U.S.), 246 pp.

  Institute of Navigation, The (1984).  Global Positioning System.  Vol. II.
  Collected reprints of papers published in Navigation.  The Institute of
  Navigation (U.S.), 257 pp.

  Institute of Navigation, The (1986).  Global Positioning System.  Vol. III.
  Collected reprints of papers published in Navigation.  The Institute of
  Navigation (U.S.), 293 pp.

  King, R.W., E.G. Masters, C. Rizos, A. Stolz, and J. Collins (1985).
  Surveying with GPS.  Monograph 9.  School of Surveying, The University of New
  South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

  Leick, A. (1990).  GPS Satellite Surveying.  John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New
  York, Toronto, 352 pp.

  Logsdon, T. (1992).  Navstar Global Positioning System.  Van Nostrand
  Reinhold, New York, 249 pp.

  McElroy, S., E. Masters, G. Jones, D. Kinlyside, C. Rizos, A. Sivertsen, P.
  Brown, O. Moss, and G. Dickson (1992).  Getting Started with GPS Surveying.
  The Global Positioning Consortium (GPSCO), c/o School of Surveying, The
  University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia, 186 pp.

| Puterski, R., J.A. Carter, M.J. Hewitt, H.F. Stone, L.T. Fisher, and E.T.
| Slonecker. (1992).  GIS Technical Memorandum 3: Global Positioning Systems
| Technology and its Application in Environmental Programs.  EPA/600/R-92/036.
| Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and
| Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas,
| NV  89193-3478, 68 pp.

  Seeber, G. (1993).  Satellite Geodesy: Foundations, Methods, and Applications.
  Revised translation of Satellitengeodasie.  Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin,
  531 pp.

  Trimble Navigation, Ltd. (1989).  GPS: A Guide to the Next Utility.  Trimble
  Navigation Ltd., Sunnyvale, California., 76 pp.

  Trimble Navigation, Ltd. (1992).  GPS Surveyor's Field Guide -- A Field
  Guidebook for Static Surveying.  Trimble Navigation Ltd., Sunnyvale,
  California.

  Trimble Navigation, Ltd. (1992).  GPS Surveyor's Field Guide -- A Field
  Guidebook for Dynamic Surveying.  Trimble Navigation Ltd., Sunnyvale,
  California, 72 pp.

  Trimble Navigation, Ltd. (1993).  Differential GPS Explained -- An expose of
  the surprisingly simple principles behind today's most advanced positioning
  technology.  Trimble Navigation Ltd., Sunnyvale, California, 55 pp.

  Wells, D.E., N. Beck, D. Delikaraoglou,  A. Kleusberg, E.J. Krakiwsky,  G.
  Lachapelle,  R.B. Langley, M. Nakiboglu, K.P. Schwarz, J.M. Tranquilla,  and
  P. Vanicek (1987).  Guide to GPS Positioning.  2nd printing with corrections.
  Canadian GPS Associates, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, 600 pp.


  Many of these books are available from

       Navtech Book and Software Store (a division of Navtech Seminars, Inc.)
       2775 S. Quincy St.
       #610
       Arlington, VA  22206-2204
       U.S.A.
       Phone: (800) 628-0885
              (703) 931-0500
       Fax:   (703) 931-0503


| 5. PAPERS AND ARTICLES
| ----------------------
|
| A series of six articles on GPS receivers (primarily the transputer-based
| receivers developed by Inmos) by Philip Mattos, a consulting engineer with
| Inmos/SGS-Thomson, was published by Electronics World + Wireless World between
| December 1992 and May 1993.  In addition to receiver details, the articles
| also cover the theory of operation of GPS, GPS antennas, and various GPS
| applications.  Note that the constructional kit and newsletter mentioned in
| the sixth article are not available and that there are some minor errors here
| and there scattered through the articles.
|
| Mattos, P. (1992). GPS.  Electronics World & Wireless World, No. 1681, pp.
| 982-987.
|
| Mattos, P. (1993). GPS 2: Receiver Architecture.  Electronics World &
| Wireless World, No. 1682, pp. 29-32.
|
| Mattos, P. (1993). GPS 3: The GPS Message On The Hardware Platform.
| Electronics World & Wireless World, No. 1683, pp. 146-151.
|
| Mattos, P. (1993). GPS 4: Radio Architecture.  Electronics World & Wireless
| World, No. 1684, pp. 210-216.
|
| Mattos, P. (1993). GPS 5: The Software Engine.  Electronics World & Wireless
| World, No. 1685, pp. 296-&.
|
| Mattos, P. (1993). GPS 6: Applications.  Electronics World & Wireless World,
| No. 1686, pp. 384-389.


| 6. GPS BIBLIOGRAPHY
  -------------------

  A GPS Bibliographic Subscription Service is offered by Canadian GPS
  Associates, publishers of the Guide to GPS Positioning.  This service provides
  twice-yearly updated editions, listing GPS-related publications from journals,
  newsletters, reports, and proceedings of GPS-related conferences.

  The Premier Edition, issued in late 1992, contained 4,358 entries.  This grew
  from a 1,000-entry bibliography prepared in 1989 at the University of New
  Brunswick for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Dredging Research Program
  Technical Report DRP-92-2, available in electronic form as message #5296 on
  the U.S. Coast Guard's GPS Information Center Bulletin Board).  At 8,802
  entries, the July 1993 Edition has doubled in size.

  The GPS Bibliography is available in both hard-copy and computer-readable form
  on PC or Macintosh diskettes.  The PC diskette version is available in either
  the standard CSV (comma-separated-variables) text format, or dBase III format.
  For Macintosh users, the format is tab-separated field text format.

  For further information, contact

    Canadian GPS Associates
    P.O. Box 3184
    Postal Station B
    Fredericton, New Brunswick
    Canada  E3A 5G9
    Phone: (506) 454-2650
    Fax:   (506) 454-0352
    e-mail: [email protected]


| 7. GPS RECEIVER SURVEYS
  -----------------------

  GPS Receiver Survey.  Published by Navtech Seminars, Inc. (see above for
  address).  Updated frequently.

  GPS World Receiver Survey.  Published annually in the January issue of GPS
  World magazine.

| Guide to GPS Receivers.  Published irregularly by Colwell-Kirtland
| International, 675 Almanor Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA  94086; (408) 720-0111.

  Who's Who in GPS Equipment -- A Technical Reference.  Published by Phillips
  Business Information, Inc., publishers of GPS Report (see above for address).
  Annual publication.

===============================================================================
 Richard B. Langley                         Internet: [email protected] or [email protected]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory               BITnet:   LANG@UNB or SE@UNB
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:    (506) 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick                FAX:      (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3         Telex:    014-46202
===============================================================================

671.16GPS monitoring Earth movements in quake areaVERGA::KLAESQuo vadimus?Tue Feb 08 1994 15:45113
From:	US1RMC::"[email protected]" "MAIL-11 Daemon"  5-FEB-1994 
To:	[email protected]
CC:	
Subj:	HQ 94-19 / Quake Tracking

Brian Dunbar
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                                               
February 4, 1994
(Phone:  202/358-1547)

Jim Doyle
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
(Phone:  818/354-5011)

RELEASE:  94-19

NASA TRACKS LAND-SURFACE MOVEMENT IN JAN. 17 EARTHQUAKE 

Oat Mountain in the Santa Susana range, just north of the San Fernando 
Valley, jumped several inches during the 6.6 earthquake that struck Los 
Angeles on Jan. 17, said a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory 
(JPL), Pasadena, Calif. 

Other locations, including some communities, also were jerked into new 
positions, said Dr. Andrea Donnellan, a JPL geophysicist. 

The 3,618-foot-high (1,103 meters) mountain, jumped up 14.8 inches (38 
centimeters).  It also moved north 6.2 inches (16 centimeters) and west 
5.5 inches (14 centimeters). 

JPL has continuously operated stations at Oat Mountain and at Cal State 
University, Northridge, since the earthquake.  The data suggest that Oat 
Mountain has risen about one more inch (2 to 3 centimeters) since the 
quake.  The site also moved slightly more than an inch (3 centimeters) 
back to the south after the 5.0 aftershock Jan. 29. 

"This is mountain building in progress," said Donnellan.  Donnellan and 
her colleagues measured the movements of the mountain and several other 
Southern California locations following the devastating earthquake using 
Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments -- ground receivers that 
track orbiting navigation satellites. 

The Defense Department's GPS network includes 24 Earth-orbiting 
satellites at 12,400 miles (20,000 kilometers) that send microwave 
transmissions to ground receivers worldwide. 

NASA collects data from a global network of 45 stations.  The data tells 
scientists how far the Earth's surface has moved in any given period of 
time.  In addition, portable instruments are deployed at other locations 
around the world. 

Donnellan said the 6.6 quake occurred on a fault at the southern and 
eastern edge of the Ventura Basin, a 62-mile (100-kilometer) by 6-mile 
(10 kilometer) sub-surface feature that stretches from the Pacific Ocean 
to the San Fernando Valley.  At 9.3 miles (15 kilometers) deep, the basin 
is one of the deepest sedimentary basins on Earth, she said. 

Donnellan had been studying the basin since 1987 and came to the 
conclusion its deep faults were capable of causing a serious earthquake.  
In a paper she published in the science journal Nature last November, 
she predicted the basin could suffer an approximately 6.4-magnitude 
earthquake. 

Her studies, using the GPS instruments, indicated the basin was being 
squeezed from north and south about 0.3 inches (7 millimeters) a year by 
the movement of the Santa Susana and Santa Ynez ranges. 

"It's a north-south closure of the valley," she said.  The figures came 
from analysis of data recorded in the GPS receivers at several locations 
around the basin. 

She said she and her colleagues used computer modeling to look at the 
faults beneath the basin from a considerable depth up to the surface and 
saw they were locked, that is, not slipping to relieve strain.  From that 
model they calculated the potential magnitude of a quake that could 
strike the region.  Although the scientists predicted the locale and size 
of the earthquake, they could not predict when such a quake might occur. 

The Oat Mountain receiver was the location closest to the quake's 
epicenter and over the highest density of aftershocks.  The epicenter was 
in the valley community of Reseda.  The fault, however, is not a single 
point, but affects a large section of surface ground.  The hardest hit 
area was the community of Northridge, immediately adjacent to Reseda.  
Most of Northridge overlies the ruptured fault plane. 

Several other communities along the basin also were jerked into new 
positions.  GPS data indicated that the community of Fillmore in Ventura 
County, which lost much of its downtown section, moved west 2 inches (5 
centimeters).  The region near Castaic moved southwest 4.3 inches (11 
centimeters) and down 3.5 inches (9 centimeters).  Santa Paula and 
Moorpark also were moved westward 1 to 2 inches (approximately 2.5 to 5 
centimeters) and the Point Dune area moved due north 1.5 inches (4 
centimeters). 

In addition to analyzing scientific data from the earthquake, NASA's 
Airborne Science and Applications program has been conducting surveys of 
the damage in the area.  Data from instruments aboard NASA's C-130 and 
ER-2 aircraft has been provided to the Federal Emergency Management 
Administration and local governments to help them assess the damage. 

Both JPL's GPS studies and the aircraft surveys, managed by NASA's Ames 
Research Center, Mountain View, Calif., are funded by NASA's Office of 
Mission to Planet Earth, Washington, D.C.  Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) 
is studying how Earth's global environment is changing.  Using the unique 
perspective available from space, NASA is observing, monitoring and 
assessing large-scale environmental processes, focussing on climate change. 

MTPE satellite data, complemented by aircraft and ground data, is 
allowing scientists to better understand environmental changes and to 
distinguish human-induced changes from natural changes.  MTPE data, which 
NASA is distributing to researchers worldwide, is essential to humans 
making informed decisions about protecting their environment. 

671.17Last Navstar GPS in Earth orbitJVERNE::KLAESBe Here NowThu Mar 10 1994 14:2791
From:	VERGA::US3RMC::"ASTRO%[email protected]" "Astronomy 
        Discussion List  10-Mar-1994 1411" 10-MAR-1994 14:06:23.60
To:	Multiple recipients of list ASTRO <ASTRO%[email protected]>
CC:	
Subj:	Another Navstar GPS Satellite is Up. (fwd)

Forwarded message:
From UNBVM1.CSD.UNB.CA!UNB.CA!owner-canspace Thu Mar 10 14:41:32 1994
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Date:   Thu, 10 Mar 1994 14:19:08 -0400
Reply-To: Richard Langley <[email protected]>
Sender: Canadian Space Geodesy Forum <[email protected]>
From:   Richard Langley <[email protected]>
Subject:      Another Navstar GPS Satellite is Up.
X-To:         [email protected]
To:     Multiple recipients of list CANSPACE <[email protected]>

>From CompuServe's Florida Today Forum:

From: Mark DeCotis [sysop], 71333,1616
To: All
Topic: Delta launch tonight
Msg #12375
Section: Space
Forum: Florida Today
Date: Wed, Mar 9, 1994, 9:30:29

An Air Force Delta 2 rocket carrying the last in a series of Global
Positioning Satellites in scheduled for launch between 10:32 and 11:02
p.m. EST today from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Weather looks 70
percent go. We will post messages here on count and launch. 

From: Mark DeCotis [sysop], 71333,1616
To: All
Topic: Delta countdown
Msg #12397
Section: Space
Forum: Florida Today
Date: Wed, Mar 9, 1994, 21:47:21

All appears to be going smoothly with countdown for tonight's Air
Force Delta 2 rocket launch from Cape Canaveral AFS. Liftoff scheduled
for 10:32 p.m. EST. 

From: Mark DeCotis [sysop], 71333,1616
To: All
Topic: Delta up
Msg #12398
Section: Space
Forum: Florida Today
Date: Wed, Mar 9, 1994, 22:50:27

An Air Force Delta 2 rocket was successfully launched from Cape
Canaveral Aifr force Station tonight. The Delta was carrying the last
in a series of Global Positioning Satellites. 

The Delta was scheduled to launch at 10:32 p.m. but was a few minutes
late. The wait was worth it because I got a great view from my front
yard -- as usual. The rocket climbed into a starry sky, streaking
southeasterward. 

As it climbed, the low roar rumbled south from the pad and mingled
with the sound of a prop plane revinning on the runway at nearby
Melbourne International Airport. 

As the rocket continued to rise like a star, the prop plane took off
and joined it in the evening sky. 

I was joined on the lawn by my son who said he "just had to see a
rocket take off." 

The cat wasn't interested.

My wife was asleep.

===============================================================================
 Richard B. Langley                         Internet: [email protected] or [email protected]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory               BITnet:   LANG@UNB or SE@UNB
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:    (506) 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick                FAX:      (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3         Telex:    014-46202
===============================================================================

% ====== Internet headers and postmarks (see DECWRL::GATEWAY.DOC) ======
% Date:         Thu, 10 Mar 1994 14:43:56 -0400
% Sender: Astronomy Discussion List <ASTRO%[email protected]>
% From: Mike Boschat <[email protected]>
% Subject:      Another Navstar GPS Satellite is Up. (fwd)
% X-To:         astro%[email protected]
% To: Multiple recipients of list ASTRO <ASTRO%[email protected]>

671.18RE 671.17JVERNE::KLAESBe Here NowThu Mar 10 1994 16:2050
Article: 15883
From: [email protected] (Reuter/Beth Dickey)
Newsgroups: clari.local.florida,clari.tw.space,clari.news.military
Subject: Satellite Launch Completes Navigation Network
Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 20:51:10 PST
 
	 CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla (Reuter) - An Air Force Delta 2 rocket
blasted into orbit Wednesday carrying the 24th and final advanced
satellite in the U.S. military's Global Positioning System (GPS), a
$10 billion constellation of navigation satellites ringing the globe. 

	 Blazing engines bathed the Florida coast in artificial
daylight as the 13-story booster rose from a seaside pad at 10:40 p.m.
EST with the $65 million Navstar. 

	 The launch was delayed eight minutes while rocket engineers
investigated a guidance glitch. 

	 The Navstar broke away from the $45 million Delta 2 rocket
about 25 minutes after launch and settled into an oval orbit with a
low point of 115 miles. Onboard engines will reshape the satellite's
path into a 11,500-mile-high circle. 

	 The Delta 2 also carried a $10 million National Aeronautics
and Space Administration experiment to test a tether. About an hour
after launch, the rocket was to eject a small instrument package at
the end of a 12-mile-long cord. 

	 The experiment is designed to test a concept -- originated as
science fiction in the 1800s -- that tethers could be used to generate
electricity for satellites or to change the orbits of spacecraft. 

	 NASA flew an identical experiment on an Air Force Delta 2 in
1993 and declared it a success. The experiments are similar -- but on
a much smaller and simpler scale -- to the Italian Tethered Satellite
test that failed aboard a space shuttle in 1992. 

	 The Navstar network satellites transmit radio signals that
can be picked up by pocket-sized receivers on the ground.  The receivers 
translate the signals into extremely precise navigation information. 

	 Although designed for military use, the Navstar network has
spawned a $6 billion private industry. GPS receivers have found their
way into airplanes, cruise ships and rental cars. 

	 A coded signal allows jets in the air, ships at sea and
troops on foot to pinpoint their locations within 50 feet .. Slightly
less accurate latitude, longitude and altitude data are available to
civilian users. 

671.19Glonass Constellation Status - September 7MTWAIN::KLAESNo Guts, No GalaxyMon Sep 12 1994 13:3374
From:	US1RMC::"[email protected]" "Richard Langley" 10-SEP-1994 18:44:51.80
To:	[email protected]
CC:	
Subj:	Glonass Constellation Status (94-09-07)

                         Glonass Constellation Status
                                  (94-09-07)

Glonass  Cosmos  Internat.   NASA    Plane  Channel  Almanac    Launch   Status
Number   Number     ID      Catalog                  Number      Date
                             Number
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  40      1987   1989-001A   19749                            10-Jan-89    Res
  41      1988   1989-001B   19750                            10-Jan-89    --
  42      2022   1989-039A   20024                            31-May-89    --
  43      2023   1989-039B   20025                            31-May-89    --
  44      2079   1990-045A   20619                            19-May-90    --
  45      2080   1990-045B   20620                            19-May-90    --
  46      2081   1990-045C   20621                            19-May-90    --
  47      2109   1990-110A   21006                             8-Dec-90    --
  48      2110   1990-110B   21007                             8-Dec-90    --
  49      2111   1990-110C   21008     1      23        5      8-Dec-90    OK
  50      2139   1991-025A   21216                             4-Apr-91    --
  51      2140   1991-025B   21217                             4-Apr-91    --
  52      2141   1991-025C   21218                             4-Apr-91    --
  53      2177   1992-005A   21853                            29-Jan-92    --
  54      2178   1992-005B   21854     1       2        8     29-Jan-92    OK
  55      2179   1992-005C   21855     1      23        1     29-Jan-92    OK
  56      2204   1992-047A   22056     3       1       24     30-Jul-92    OK
  57      2205   1992-047B   22057     3      24       21     30-Jul-92    OK
  58      2206   1992-047C   22058                            30-Jul-92    --
  59      2234   1993-010A   22512                            17-Feb-93    --
  60      2235   1993-010B   22513     1       5        2     17-Feb-93    OK
  61      2236   1993-010C   22514     1      22        6     17-Feb-93    OK
  62      2275   1994-021A   23043     3      24       17     11-Apr-94    OK
  63      2276   1994-021B   23044     3       3       23     11-Apr-94    OK
  64      2277   1994-021C   23045     3      10       18     11-Apr-94    OK
  65      2287   1994-050A   23203     2      21       12     11-Aug-94    OK
  66      2288   1994-050B   23204     2      21       16     11-Aug-94    OK
  67      2289   1994-050C   23205     2       9       14     11-Aug-94    OK

Notes
-----
1.  NASA Catalog Number is also known as NORAD or U.S. Space Command object
    number.
2.  Channel number, k, indicates L1 carrier frequency:
       f   =  1602. + 0.5625 k  (MHz)
        k
3.  Status codes:
    --  = satellite not in service
    Res = satellite not in service but held in reserve
    OK  = satellite fully operational.
    UNH = satellite currently flagged unhealthy.
4.  All Glonass satellites employ cesium atomic clocks.
5.  The first three Glonass satellites were launched on 12-Oct-82.  Glonass 1
    through 48 are no longer in service.
6.  Glonass 40 and 41 were launched with the Etalon 1 laser ranging satellite.
    Glonass 42 and 43 were launched with Etalon 2.
7.  New Glonass channel allocations were introduced in September 1993 aimed at
    reducing interference to radio astronomy.  Note the use of the same channel
    on some antipodal satellites.
8.  The most recent triple Glonass launch took place on 11 August 1994.
9.  Status of satellites obtained from Peter Daly, CAA Institute of Satellite
    Navigation, Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of
    Leeds ([email protected]).

===============================================================================
 Richard B. Langley                         Internet: [email protected] or [email protected]
 Geodetic Research Laboratory               BITnet:   LANG@UNB or SE@UNB
 Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Phone:    (506) 453-5142
 University of New Brunswick                FAX:      (506) 453-4943
 Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3         Telex:    014-46202
===============================================================================