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Conference 7.286::fddi

Title:FDDI - The Next Generation
Moderator:NETCAD::STEFANI
Created:Thu Apr 27 1989
Last Modified:Thu Jun 05 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:2259
Total number of notes:8590

1836.0. "FDDI/Ethernet bridge issues?" by PRIME3::THOMAS () Tue Oct 17 1995 17:07

I have a customer with some 2100's connected to a FDDI and some 2100's
connected an Ethernet.  The DLI provides an interface to the LANs and a
bridge interconnects the Ethernet and FDDI.  There was some concern by the
customer as to any problems/issues related to the difference in speed 
between the 100Mbit/s FDDI and 10Mbits/s Ethernet.

For example, if a transmitter on a FDDI is sending 10 packets in a burst, 
(at essentially 1000% of the Ethernet bandwidth) would the Ethernet get
all of the packets? Would the bridge buffer the FDDI generated packets and 
feed them to the Ethernet at a rate acceptable to the Ethernet?

I ran some preliminary tests on the TP1 (Ethernet) and LSD (FDDI) computers to
observe the behavior of message traffic going between the Ethernet and FDDI
LANs.  The packet size was the maximum supported by Ethernet (1492 bytes.)

ETHERNET => FDDI
I first had a transmitter on TP1 and receiver on LSD.  When the Ethernet was
saturated to 91% of its 10 Mbit/s bandwidth or below all the packets were
received sucessfully on LSD.  The test ran for one minute.  The transmitter
sent 8 Ethernet packets between delays of 10ms.

At sending rates much above 90% (97.7% was the fastest I could send) of the
ethernet bandwidth, the receiver would no longer receive packets.  The receiver
would be hanging on a blocking read call when the one minute timeout occured
even if the transmitter was still transmitting.  Its like the bridge just gave
up trying to get the packats to the FDDI.  I'd like to rerun this test with a
network analyzer to see what was happening on the FDDI side.

Does anyone have any insight as to what would explain this behavior?

Throughout all testing, those packets that arrived were in order and had
expected data.


FDDI => ETHERNET
I next had a transmitter on the LSD sending to the TP1.  To utilize 60% of the
Ethernet bandwidth, the sender sent 8 packets between delays of 10ms.  At rates
of 60% of Ethernet bandwidth or below all was fine.  Above that rate, an
interesting thing happened.  Packets would be delivered successfully to the TP1
at a rate up to 93% of the Ethernet bandwidth - even when the sending rate on
the FDDI sender side exceeded 100% of the Ethernet bandwidth!  The tests ran
for one minute.

For example, the LSD sender sent 30 packets between delays of 10ms resulting in
a transmission rate of 260% of the Ethernet bandwidth.  The TP1 successfully
received the first those packets for one minute at a rate of 93% of the
Ethernet bandwidth.  Its like the bridge between the FDDI and Ethernet was
buffering the FDDI packets and feeding them onto the Ethernet at a rate the
Ethernet could accept.  I could even transmit at 900% of the Ethernet bandwith
on the FDDI side and still TP1 would faithfully receive the first of those
packets for the one minute run at a rate of 93% of the Ethernet bandwidth.

I do not yet know the limit of this "buffering" or where/how it is
accomplished.  It would seem the speed differential between the Ethernet and
FDDI does not pose a signifigant problem.  I ran all these tests for an hour
or so this morning and did not experiance any problems with the computers or
LANs.  I would like to play with this some more to try to get a better
understanding of what is going on and what the issues are when communicating
betwixed a FDDI and Ethernet LANs.

Does anyone have any insights?


Thanks!

Mike Thomas

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1836.1STEVMS::PETTENGILLmulpTue Oct 17 1995 23:4435
I'm not sure that I understand what you are describing, but consider this.

The speed difference is 10 to 1, so that means that in .2 seconds you transmit
2 seconds worth of Ethernet packets.  The bridge will discard any packets that
haven't been forwarded within 2 seconds.

More or less.

Because the bridge can run an exact timer for each packet, it uses mathod that
is lost to me in the mists of time and is probably different for each major
generation of bridge, but that involves some sort of counter.

Anyway, even if it worked correctly, your 1 minute of transmits would result
in the first .2 seconds of packets being received followed by a steady state
of 1 in 10 packets being received.  Assuming the best case and no other traffic
on the Ethernet segment.  But that can't be true since its very hard to prevent
all traffic, like bridge hellos, decnet hellos, etc.  So those will result in
collisions and backoffs which will reduce the packets that get received to less
than 1 in 10, say maybe 1 in 20 or 1 in ???.

So, lets say that the algorithm in the bridge is not capable of producing the
best possible forwarding rate, or let's say the implementation is broken.

What's the different between getting 5% of the traffic and getting 0%?

When going over links that vary in speed, you need to use a protocol that
adapts to the speed and buffering of the least capable widget in the path.
While some beleive that rate base flow control can be made to work, I'm
confident that you can always find a "typical" network that will blow a rate
based scheme out of the water, so that leaves only window and/or credit based
flow control.

Now from a testing point of view, I'm curious what 10-100 bridge you're actually
using.  And what is the EXACT configuration on the Ethernet side.  And what
revs of firmware in the bridge.
1836.2Ethernet to FDDI DECNIS shut downPRIME3::THOMASFri Dec 01 1995 11:5237
    Found out what was going on when sending with a single transmitter from
    an Ethernet (EtherWorks Turbo EISA (DE425-AA) to a PCI - FDDI DEFPA
    via a DECNIS. If the DECNIS gets into a situation where it can't
    transmit its bridge hello messages it will stop forwarding on that port
    to prevent the possibility of bridging loops.  With one transmitter on
    saturating the Ethernet, the DECNIS could not get a word in edgewise.
    
    I am going to try an experiment with two Ethernet transmitters to see
    if the resultant collisions will allow the DECNIS to sneek in its hello
    messages.
    
    As to the FDDI to Ethernet loss, I'm going to try increasing the bridges
    buffer size from the default size of 100 packets to 65K packets to
    see what impact that has.
    
    Ultimately, I think I'll have to add flow control to the custom protocol
    I'm devloping.  Due network traffic issues, the protocol sends
    sequence numbered packets broadcast to multiple receivers. Only when a
    receiver detects a missing packet sequence number does it send a
    request to the sender for a retransmit.  We cannot accept the network
    traffic overheadof sending a positive acknoledgement from each
    receiver.
    
    I was thinking of either having a send backoff for a transmitter which
    is sending to a node on a slower LAN or a self tuning backoff based on
    a receiver getting above a threshold number of retransmit requests
    within a given time. The former approach is easyier to implement but
    suffers from the problem of multiple transmitters coliding when each
    thought it was sending what it thought was a resonable rate to the
    slower LAN.
    
    
    Thank you very much for your 1836.1 reply.  It was extreamly well
    thought out and presented
    
    Mike Thomas