Title: | FDDI - The Next Generation |
Moderator: | NETCAD::STEFANI |
Created: | Thu Apr 27 1989 |
Last Modified: | Thu Jun 05 1997 |
Last Successful Update: | Fri Jun 06 1997 |
Number of topics: | 2259 |
Total number of notes: | 8590 |
I have a customer with some 2100's connected to a FDDI and some 2100's connected an Ethernet. The DLI provides an interface to the LANs and a bridge interconnects the Ethernet and FDDI. There was some concern by the customer as to any problems/issues related to the difference in speed between the 100Mbit/s FDDI and 10Mbits/s Ethernet. For example, if a transmitter on a FDDI is sending 10 packets in a burst, (at essentially 1000% of the Ethernet bandwidth) would the Ethernet get all of the packets? Would the bridge buffer the FDDI generated packets and feed them to the Ethernet at a rate acceptable to the Ethernet? I ran some preliminary tests on the TP1 (Ethernet) and LSD (FDDI) computers to observe the behavior of message traffic going between the Ethernet and FDDI LANs. The packet size was the maximum supported by Ethernet (1492 bytes.) ETHERNET => FDDI I first had a transmitter on TP1 and receiver on LSD. When the Ethernet was saturated to 91% of its 10 Mbit/s bandwidth or below all the packets were received sucessfully on LSD. The test ran for one minute. The transmitter sent 8 Ethernet packets between delays of 10ms. At sending rates much above 90% (97.7% was the fastest I could send) of the ethernet bandwidth, the receiver would no longer receive packets. The receiver would be hanging on a blocking read call when the one minute timeout occured even if the transmitter was still transmitting. Its like the bridge just gave up trying to get the packats to the FDDI. I'd like to rerun this test with a network analyzer to see what was happening on the FDDI side. Does anyone have any insight as to what would explain this behavior? Throughout all testing, those packets that arrived were in order and had expected data. FDDI => ETHERNET I next had a transmitter on the LSD sending to the TP1. To utilize 60% of the Ethernet bandwidth, the sender sent 8 packets between delays of 10ms. At rates of 60% of Ethernet bandwidth or below all was fine. Above that rate, an interesting thing happened. Packets would be delivered successfully to the TP1 at a rate up to 93% of the Ethernet bandwidth - even when the sending rate on the FDDI sender side exceeded 100% of the Ethernet bandwidth! The tests ran for one minute. For example, the LSD sender sent 30 packets between delays of 10ms resulting in a transmission rate of 260% of the Ethernet bandwidth. The TP1 successfully received the first those packets for one minute at a rate of 93% of the Ethernet bandwidth. Its like the bridge between the FDDI and Ethernet was buffering the FDDI packets and feeding them onto the Ethernet at a rate the Ethernet could accept. I could even transmit at 900% of the Ethernet bandwith on the FDDI side and still TP1 would faithfully receive the first of those packets for the one minute run at a rate of 93% of the Ethernet bandwidth. I do not yet know the limit of this "buffering" or where/how it is accomplished. It would seem the speed differential between the Ethernet and FDDI does not pose a signifigant problem. I ran all these tests for an hour or so this morning and did not experiance any problems with the computers or LANs. I would like to play with this some more to try to get a better understanding of what is going on and what the issues are when communicating betwixed a FDDI and Ethernet LANs. Does anyone have any insights? Thanks! Mike Thomas
T.R | Title | User | Personal Name | Date | Lines |
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1836.1 | STEVMS::PETTENGILL | mulp | Tue Oct 17 1995 23:44 | 35 | |
I'm not sure that I understand what you are describing, but consider this. The speed difference is 10 to 1, so that means that in .2 seconds you transmit 2 seconds worth of Ethernet packets. The bridge will discard any packets that haven't been forwarded within 2 seconds. More or less. Because the bridge can run an exact timer for each packet, it uses mathod that is lost to me in the mists of time and is probably different for each major generation of bridge, but that involves some sort of counter. Anyway, even if it worked correctly, your 1 minute of transmits would result in the first .2 seconds of packets being received followed by a steady state of 1 in 10 packets being received. Assuming the best case and no other traffic on the Ethernet segment. But that can't be true since its very hard to prevent all traffic, like bridge hellos, decnet hellos, etc. So those will result in collisions and backoffs which will reduce the packets that get received to less than 1 in 10, say maybe 1 in 20 or 1 in ???. So, lets say that the algorithm in the bridge is not capable of producing the best possible forwarding rate, or let's say the implementation is broken. What's the different between getting 5% of the traffic and getting 0%? When going over links that vary in speed, you need to use a protocol that adapts to the speed and buffering of the least capable widget in the path. While some beleive that rate base flow control can be made to work, I'm confident that you can always find a "typical" network that will blow a rate based scheme out of the water, so that leaves only window and/or credit based flow control. Now from a testing point of view, I'm curious what 10-100 bridge you're actually using. And what is the EXACT configuration on the Ethernet side. And what revs of firmware in the bridge. | |||||
1836.2 | Ethernet to FDDI DECNIS shut down | PRIME3::THOMAS | Fri Dec 01 1995 11:52 | 37 | |
Found out what was going on when sending with a single transmitter from an Ethernet (EtherWorks Turbo EISA (DE425-AA) to a PCI - FDDI DEFPA via a DECNIS. If the DECNIS gets into a situation where it can't transmit its bridge hello messages it will stop forwarding on that port to prevent the possibility of bridging loops. With one transmitter on saturating the Ethernet, the DECNIS could not get a word in edgewise. I am going to try an experiment with two Ethernet transmitters to see if the resultant collisions will allow the DECNIS to sneek in its hello messages. As to the FDDI to Ethernet loss, I'm going to try increasing the bridges buffer size from the default size of 100 packets to 65K packets to see what impact that has. Ultimately, I think I'll have to add flow control to the custom protocol I'm devloping. Due network traffic issues, the protocol sends sequence numbered packets broadcast to multiple receivers. Only when a receiver detects a missing packet sequence number does it send a request to the sender for a retransmit. We cannot accept the network traffic overheadof sending a positive acknoledgement from each receiver. I was thinking of either having a send backoff for a transmitter which is sending to a node on a slower LAN or a self tuning backoff based on a receiver getting above a threshold number of retransmit requests within a given time. The former approach is easyier to implement but suffers from the problem of multiple transmitters coliding when each thought it was sending what it thought was a resonable rate to the slower LAN. Thank you very much for your 1836.1 reply. It was extreamly well thought out and presented Mike Thomas |