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Conference unifix::sailing

Title:SAILING
Notice:Please read Note 2.* before participating in this conference
Moderator:UNIFIX::BERENS
Created:Wed Jul 01 1992
Last Modified:Mon Jun 02 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:2299
Total number of notes:20724

1952.0. "OCEANIC" by SALEM::GILMAN () Thu Oct 29 1992 11:54

    In early August last year a liner named the OCEANIC sank off South
    Africa in a storm.  The details in news reports and this months Readers
    Digest are pretty sketchy.  That is, technical details on why the ship
    sank. According to the paper a 'piston blew up in the engine room'.
    Right.  Maybe a connecting rod got driven through the hull in an 
    engine explosion but it doesn't explain by itself why a ship with 
    watertight subdivision would have sunk for a single hole in the hull
    in the engine room area.
    
    Readers Digest says that plates opened up in the hull in the generator
    room and due to sanitary system repairs the watertight bulkhead between
    the flooding generator room and adjacent compartment was not
    watertight.
    
    Neither article explained why they couldn't pump, make the bulkhead
    watertight which had been breached by the removal of a single 4 inch
    vent pipe, or take other steps to keep the ship afloat.  My impression
    was that the crew panicked at the initial inrush of water and then
    failed to take corrective measures.
    
    I also find it difficult to believe that a 500 foot liner would have
    the hull breached underwater in a routine storm at sea unless she hit
    an object which apparently DIDN'T happen. I suppose the ship may have
    been in such a bad state of repair (corrosion) that the hull working in
    a seaway might have breached the hull.
    
    I know sailing is not exactly the perfect place for questions on liners
    but don't know of a more appropriate to place to put this.
    
    Does anyone have anymore details on this tragedy?
    
T.RTitleUserPersonal
Name
DateLines
1952.1JUPITR::KEENANMon Nov 02 1992 12:418
    One of the most threatening things to a large ship is fire. The
    engine explosion could have started a fire or ruptured a boiler,
    creating alot of heat. This would make it nearly impossible to get
    close and make repairs. At a certain temperature, the hull and bulkheads 
    of a steel ship will buckle. 
    
    If the engine room crew jumped overboard like the captain, this ship
    never had a chance whatever the problem.  
1952.2OCEANOSSALEM::GILMANMon Nov 02 1992 14:3410
    According to the information I have fire was definitely NOT involved.
    But the crew jumping overboard WAS involved, actually they used the
    lifeboats.  So the ship was doomed from the moment they abandonded her
    
    I wonder if anyone has anymore information regarding the reasons for
    the uncontrolled flooding?
    
    And I had the name wrong, its OCEANOS not Oceanic.
    
    Jeff
1952.3at bit more detail.BTOVT::HILTON_GSYS-F-UNIVCRASH% REALITY.SYS Corrupted - Reboot Universe? (Y/N/QMon Nov 02 1992 20:2415
    
    
    Apparently the ships sewage system holding tank has some sort of
    open valuve or tube that was under repair. When the engine room
    flooded the water went directly into the tank and slowly and
    with malace-a-fore-thought worked its way up through all plumbing
    and sank the ship deck by sink by head...  (eeewww... ugh.. what
    a way to go...)
    
    Anyway... ALL hands and passengers were rescued... including the
    captain (whom in my opinion should be Keel-hauled... the long way)
    
    
    							Georgia
    
1952.4WasteSALEM::GILMANThu Nov 05 1992 11:5912
    It just amazes me that there wasn't some way they could stop the
    flooding of the tank through the generator room.  But I guess a
    combination of panic, and lots of water coming into a hard to get at
    place was sufficient.
    
    Oh, the Captain was 'directing rescue operations from shore', I guess
    the crew was helping him out 'directing rescue operations' from the 
    lifeboats THEY were already in.
    
    At least no one was killed.
    
    Jeff
1952.5Inquiry results available?RANIER::ROTHENBERGThu Nov 12 1992 15:0545
    
    From this discussion, it sure sounds as if folks think there could have
    been a bit more done to save the ship.  The captain probably is in a
    bit of professional trouble because of the sinking. 'Go down with the
    ship' and all that.  It seems as if he should have one of the last to
    leave.  Does anyone know the results of inquiries?  Inquiries are
    usually pretty candid.
    
    How big was the hole?  How long did it take the crew to identify the
    source of the leak?  Does anyone know how long the crew had before
    they lost access to the 'leak'?  Has anyone had to abandon a sinking
    500 ft ship before?  
    
    Logistics stuff: It takes at least 30 minutes to notify, assemble,
    organize, and launch lifeboats full of people.  A 500 ft passenger ship
    could have been carrying around 600 people, meaning they may have
    launched about 10 lifeboats, probably 5 from each side- one at a time
    because of weather conditions (Ever seen how a lifeboat surfs back and
    forth on its cables when a swell is running?  Ever tried to release
    those 100 lb blocks that hold a lifeboat fore and aft?).  One more
    thing, if you don't get out well before the ship goes down, you are
    going to get sucked down with the ship and you will be dead.
    
    A few other points:
    - no lives were lost
    - sounds as if this is a Greek ship (not known for being first class
      condition)
    - lifeboats I've seen are designed for carrying capacity and not for 
      maneuverability
    - launching lifeboats full of passengers is risky
    - launching lifeboats full of passergers in the midst of a mid-winter
      storm while a ship is in danger of sinking is *incredibly* dangerous
    - again, no lives were lost 
    
    What were the captain's priorities?  On the one hand, he's got a big
    (inanimate) ship with a big leak.  On the other hand, he's got a bunch
    of lifeboats (with lots of animate people) floating around in the ocean
    during a storm in the middle of winter.  Was it his own hide he was
    trying to save?  Or was it the lives of the passengers?  It could have
    been a cowardly copout, but *if* the captain's priority was the safety
    of his passengers, then the best place for the captain was on shore
    where he has access to communication and rescue facilities.  All this
    kind of stuff comes out in an inquiry.  
    
    Dave who_worked_on_a_passenger_ship_in_a_previous_life
1952.6things that make you go "Hmmm..."BTOVT::HILTON_GSYS-F-UNIVCRASH% REALITY.SYS Corrupted - Reboot Universe? (Y/N/QThu Nov 12 1992 20:1820
    
    
    I wouldn't attempt to second guess anyone in THAT position... but..
    I seems rather apparent that a series of things caused the sinking.
    Any one of which may not have caused it, but in a combined set of
    results casued the sinking... As for securing the safty of the 
    passengers.... 
    			it sounds more like
    
    	"CAPTAIN and CREW first... screww the others....."
    
    To me it 'appears' that this is just another situation of someone who
    probably bought, bribed, slept, knived, or otherwise got lucky in
    getting a position instead of deserving and being qualified to drive 
    that much iron around.
    
    				oh well.. I think i just went down a 
    				personal rat hole.  sorry....
    
    					Georgia
1952.7OceanosSALEM::GILMANTue Nov 17 1992 11:5645
    .5 .6
    
    Based on the info I have gathered the Capt. issued NO instructions to
    the passengers, he and the Chief Eng. and crew took off in the boats.
    The only reason the passengers got off at all is because the leader
    of the tour group, a woman, (here is one for you women) took charge
    when she realized the capt. and crew were gone and helped GET the
    passengers off in the boats.  Her heroism combined with rescue efforts
    from helicopters and ships saved the passengers.  Fortunately the ship
    was only about ten miles off shore so was accessable by shore rescue
    operations.  I wasn't there, but I never heard of a Capt. 'better'
    directing operations from the safety of a shore position especially
    when he had been ON the ship when the emergency started.  The Capt. is
    facing formal discipline proceedings so that tells you right there that
    others didn't think the better position was from the shore. 
    
    As I understand it part of the sewage system was disassembled on a
    sanitary waste tank.  Somehow the ship got holed in a storm (didnt hit
    anything) which caused flooding to start in the generator room.  The
    generators quit and thanks to the disassembled sewage system the water
    from the flooding gen room got into the sewage holding tank, then the
    ship flooded via the toilets, drains, etc.  In the meantime the crew
    had taken off.  An airlift drop of 'powerful pumps' might have saved
    the ship if the crew had been there to use them.  Having spent four
    years in the eng. dept. of a naval ship I can well understand how 
    rapid flooding combined with loss of power could have resulted
    in the loss of the ship. 
    
    I wonder how a 'sound ship' (the article said it was insured Loyds
    Class IV) or whatever the highest rating is, would have had a hull
    failure which is what it sounds like in a moderate storm.  At least
    some plates or fittings failed below the waterline in the generator
    room.   Photos of the ship revealed a good looking ship in good
    condition judging by the photos.  That is, she was a white ship without
    rust streaks or other obvious external signs of disrepair.
    
    One of the passengers said in the article 'modern liners just don't
    sink anymore, why worry?"  Wrong.... the ocean is a wilderness and
    those that forget it may wind up harshly reminded that man and his
    machines survive only when one takes the attitude that the ocean IS
    a wilderness and keeps ones' gear in good shape and exercises good
    seamanship. 
    
    Jeff