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Conference unifix::sailing

Title:SAILING
Notice:Please read Note 2.* before participating in this conference
Moderator:UNIFIX::BERENS
Created:Wed Jul 01 1992
Last Modified:Mon Jun 02 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:2299
Total number of notes:20724

161.0. "Strange request" by MARRHQ::WICKERT () Sun Aug 25 1985 12:45

I have a strange request of you sailors out there...

I think some of you might be able to help me with a problem I have. It's
something that sounds like it could be solved by navagation techniques.

I'd like to determine a intercept course so that two objects (each having
it's own heading and speed) will reach the same point at the same time.
The givens I have to work with are :

1. Object A's (ie ship A's) starting point.
2. Ship A's heading and speed.
3. Ship B's starting point.
4. Ship B's speed.

I'd like to determine what heading Ship B should use to intersect with Ship
A in the least amount of time...

Any suggestions? Maybe a reference book or something that I can make a trip
to the library to use?

Thanks,
Ray



T.RTitleUserPersonal
Name
DateLines
161.1CURIE::LAZGINTue Aug 27 1985 11:3316
Ray,

  I have a simple graphic approach.   First plot Boat A's course.   Then
using dividers mark out concentric circles, with each circle equal to a
distance boat B can make good given boat B's average speed.  Label each
concentric circle with the time needed to get there.  Start the circles
at boat B's initial position.   Eventully you will find at least 1 point
that will intersect boat A's line of position.

  Now do the same for Boat A to see when boat A can get to that point.

This will be a trial and error method, but will give you a "good feel"
for the time and speed for the 2 boats.

Frank

161.2KRYPTN::BERENSTue Aug 27 1985 12:026
re .1

A good and simple method. One point though: Depending on boat speeds and
courses, Boat B may never meet Boat A. 


161.3FREMEN::SUITSMon Sep 02 1985 11:2754
Seems to me that the problem can be solved mathmatically.  I'm too lazy 
to create a cute line drawing but you are trying to solve a triangle 
which looks something like


		B
		o



	A				C			X
	o				o			o


Boat A is maintaining a course A-X and boat B wishes to intercept at some 
unknown point C along A's track.  The trick is to solve the triangle ABC 
to obtain angle ACB which is the amount above or below boat A's course 
that B must sail to intercept at C.  What's shown is an acute triangle - 
it will also work with an obtuse triangle where B is starting out 
"behind" A.  At least it will if B is faster than A.

Since you know the course of boat A (A-X in this case) and you know the 
relative positions of A and B you can therefore determine the angle BAC 
either by plotting it or working out the coordinate transform.  Now 
consider the sides of the triangle A-C and B-C.  Both boats will be 
getting to the intercept point C at the same time and therefore the 
distances they travel (the lengths of the sides A-C and B-C) will be 
proportional to the speeds of the two boats.

Now, my geometery is pretty rusty (poor old Miss  Noyes would never 
forgive me for being unsure about this - "Someday you're going to be in a 
boat trying to catch another boat and you'll wish then that you'd spent 
more time studying and less time ... ") but I seem to remember that in a 
plane triangle the ratio of the sine of each angle with the length of the 
side opposite is the same for each of the pairs of angles and opposed 
sides.  A/sine(a) = B/sine(b) = C/sine(c).

Anyway, you know the angle BAC, and you know the ratio of the boat speeds 
and you can thereby determine the angle ABC and subtracting angles BAC 
and ABC from 180 degrees gives the course correction angle ACB.  It works 
out to be something like 

 Course(B) = Course(A) +/-(180 - BAC - ASIN(SIN(BAC)*Speed(A)/Speed(B)))

The triangle can't always be solved if A is faster than B.

I would guess that there exists a plotting device similar to the 
"computer", used by aviators to work out wind drift problems, which would 
give you an "analog" solution.

Of course, if you're actually ON the boat (and you can make sufficient 
speed), it's much simpler.  Just steer so as to approach the other boat 
at a constant relative bearing - by and by you'll reach point C.