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Conference turris::scandia

Title:All about Scandinavia
Moderator:TLE::SAVAGE
Created:Wed Dec 11 1985
Last Modified:Tue Jun 03 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:603
Total number of notes:4325

351.0. "Swedish criminal justice system" by MLTVAX::SAVAGE (Neil @ Spit Brook) Tue Aug 01 1989 11:51

    The following article appeared in the Portsmouth Herald (NH) for
    Monday, March 13, 1989. It illustrates one the widest cultural gaps
    remaining between the United States and Scandinavian countries, namely
    the contrasting penal systems.
    

    Headline: "Sweden offers prison vacations"
    
    Subhead: "Criminals get two weeks with their families in mountains"

    Ockelbo, Sweden (AP) -- Two weeks of skiing, boating, fishing or hiking
    in an unspoiled forest of pine and birch. That's what Sweden's National
    Prison Administration offers as a vacation for hardened criminals
    serving prison time.

    The vacationers at Gruvberget, a former logging camp 125 miles north of
    Stockholm, are convicted murderers, rapists, drug dealers and other
    felons serving long-term sentences.

    "We have the lowest walls of any prison in the world, but they are also
    the thickest," said Rolf Johansson, referring to the 12 miles of hilly
    woodland to the nearest farm. Up to 30 prisoners at a time stay at the
    mountain retreat for two weeks, many with their wives and children.
    Prison officials number three, and none have weapons.

    Sweden has one of the world's most liberal correction systems;
    prisoners are called "clients," furloughs are frequent and the accent
    is on rehabilitation. "We want the give clients the opportunity to meet
    their wives and children outside the walls of prison, and to give them
    new ideas about life," said Johansson.

    "This is a great place," said an American doing time for selling drugs.
    "I've been learning cross-country skiing. Yesterday we went walking
    seven or eight kilometers (four or five [American] miles) in the woods
    and had a cookout -- hot dogs. It's like a real vacation. It's helping
    us re-cement our relationship," he added, nodding toward his Swedish
    wife. The 45-year old former social worker refused to give his name.
    "Just called me Jack, OK?" He was a Vietnam deserter and has been in
    Sweden for 20 years.

    After completing one-third of their terms, prisoners are eligible for
    furloughs of up to 48 hours as often as six times a year. Most
    prisoners have conjugal rooms for visits from wives or girlfriends, and
    marriage is not a visiting requirement.

    The furlough system was curtailed for a time after the escape in
    October 1987 of one of Sweden's most notorious spies, Stig Bergling,
    who apparently slipped out of the country while home on a weekend
    furlough.

    The prison service reported 287 cases of prisoners returning late or
    drunk from the 8,951 furloughs granted in 1987, the latest year for
    which such statistics are available. About 15,000 people were sentenced
    that year, 8,000 to sentences of less than two months, and 1,500 for
    more than one year.

    No one has ever tried to escape from Gruvberget. The guests are given
    train tickets at their home prison and make their own way to the
    village.
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351.1LIGHTN::MINOWPere Ubu is coming soon, are you ready?Sat Aug 05 1989 09:5213
When I lived in Sweden, I got to know a crimnal fairly well: my wife was
his parole officer.  Saying that the Swedish system is "liberal" is reasonable
if you compare it to the American system of institutionalized rape and
degredation, but it is not liberal by comparison to the rest of Sweden.

The "clients" do see it as punishment -- make no doubt about it.

They would, I suspect, be amazed to see some of the jewels of our prison
society, such as the contrast between Marion (federal prison where the
clients are locked in their cages for 23 hours a day) and the "golf course
retreat" for the upper-classes with connections.

Martin.
351.2More on the Swedish system of justiceCHARLT::SAVAGETue Oct 02 1990 10:5770
    From: [email protected] (Bertil Jonell)
    Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
    Subject: Re: Law Enforcement in Scandinavia
    Date: 25 Sep 90 07:54:24 GMT
    Sender: [email protected] (Evald Nyhetsson)
    Organization: Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
 
 
    There seems to be three major views on the purpose of punishments for 
    crimes: 
    
    - The first is that it should be sufficiently frightening to keep
    people on the right side of the law out of pure fright. 
    
    - The second is that the purpose of the punishement is to keep the 'bad
    guys' away from society to limit the damage they would otherwise do. 
    
    - The third is that the perpetrators should be reintroduced in the
    society as responisble citizens through the use of education etc.
 
    Currently, in Sweden, the third view has been the strongest, but there
    are  some signals that might indicate a change to view number two.
 
    There is no death penalty in Sweden. The death penalty during peace
    went long ago, while it was retained for a few crimes (high treason,
    espionage etc) during war up to about 20 years ago (I think, <- big
    disclaimer).
 
    There is also the view here that persons who are considered insane and
    commits a crime shouldn't be held responsible for their actions. (Which
    is essentially right IMHO, but it has been carried to some ludicrous
    extremes. One example should be the case where a woman wanted to get a
    divorce, and when her husband found out he went berzerk and killed her.
    He was declared insane and when he got out of the hospital he got to
    inherit her, and he could even cash in her life-insurance. (Yes, this
    is an actual case!))
 
    A person that is considered insane and commits some kind of major crime
    generally gets 'sluten v�rd' (closed care). The trouble is that there
    has been several examples on that that care is neither care nor closed. 
    Sometimes, murderers has gotten leaves from the institutions after just
    a few months, in several cases commiting new murders and rapes during
    their leaves! (I could quote an actual, documented example here, but I
    am by law prevented from doing so.) In other cases, persons commited to
    closed care has managed to just walk out of the institutions without
    anyone raising an eyebrow.
 
    Another peculiarness of the Swedish system of justice is that jailtime
    may be stacked! If, for example someone gets 4 years for grave
    narcortics crime, 6 years for murder and 2 years for grave assault, the
    jailterms won't be  added but stacked, which results in  6 years in
    this case. Normally, though, a person that murders several people will
    get a harder punishemnts than someone who just murders one.
 
    The 'life' penalty for murder is only used in very grave cases. And it
    usually translates to 10-20 years in jale, then they will get parole
    almost auto- matically. The only case in which this hasn't been true,
    is with the terrorists that shot the Jugoslavian ambassador. At least
    one of them sat much longer than 20 years.
 
    (There is probably a whole lot of IMHO's missing from the article above
    :-) 
    
    -bertil-

    --
    Bertil K K Jonell @ Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg
    NET: [email protected] 
    VOICE: +46 31 723971 / +46 300 61004     "Don't worry,I've got Pilot-7"
    SNAILMAIL: Box 154,S-43900 Onsala,SWEDEN      (Famous last words)      
351.3Prison sentences should be fullTLE::SAVAGEWed Oct 13 1993 11:4428
   From: [email protected] (Stefan Farestam)
   Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
   Subject: Prison sentences in Sweden 
   Date: 12 Oct 1993 16:37:48 GMT
   Organization: C.E.R.F.A.C.S., Toulouse, France
 
    Fredrik Ostman <[email protected]> writes:

   >                                  A couple of young bandits stopped
   >a man on the highway because they didn't like that he had overtaken
   >them. They got the man out of the car, and the youngest of them (older
   >than 15 years, though) suddenly fired a gun. The man died, and the
   >bandits were later arrested, and admitted everything. The killer
   >claimed he had not brought the gun to kill anyone (no-one asked for any
   >other reason). The killer was sentenced to one year in prison, with
   >mandatory release after 6 months. He could get vacations from prison,
   >without parole officer, during that time.
 
    The Swedish policy of releasing prisoners after they have served half
    of their sentence (supposedly on behalf of "good behaviour") has always
    seemed somewhat bizarre to me.  Wouldn't it be more normal to *always*
    let people serve their full sentence, and double their sentence if
    their behaviour warranted it?  The sentences presently in use would
    have to adjusted accordingly, of course...  So, six months for a random
    high road murder if you just happen to kill someone with an illegally
    possessed gun, which in turn you just happen to carry around...
 
    /Stefan
351.4How Sweden handles criminal cases TLE::SAVAGEWed Oct 04 1995 16:4233
    From: [email protected]
    To: "International Swedish Interest discussion list"
    Subject: The Swedish lay assessor system
    
    I think it would be much better [for the USA] to adopt the Swedish
    system of "professional juries" whose credentials and impartiality more
    readily assure that the legal facts are taken into consideration and
    that the judicial system is fairly implemented.
    
    This is how the Swedish legal system of "naemndemaen" works (according
    to the Svenska Institutet Information Sheet on 'Law and Justice in
    Sweden', March 1995):
    
    "The bench of district courts in Sweden is in most criminal cases and
    in some family law cases formed by one legally-trained judge and a
    panel of lay assessors, or namndeman, who take part in the main
    hearings.  Lay assessors are elected for four year terms by local
    representative councils from a roster of eligible local citizens.  Most
    of them are re-elected for consecutive terms...and these panels develop
    considerable experience over a period of time.  In criminal cases the
    bench usually consists of one legally-trained judge as chairman and
    three or five lay assessors, depending on the severity of the alleged
    crime.
    
    The participation of namndeman in the court proceedings, which has
    medieval traditions in rural courts and has constituted a significant
    element of democracy in Swedish public life, must not be confused with
    the Anglo-American and Continental jury.  They are not only concerned
    with verdicts but also deliberate with the judge on points of law, such
    as the sanctions to be imposed in criminal cases."
    
    Henrik Nordstrom
    Minneapolis, MN
351.5Electronic surveillance goes nationwideTLE::SAVAGETue Oct 01 1996 13:5260