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Conference turris::scandia

Title:All about Scandinavia
Moderator:TLE::SAVAGE
Created:Wed Dec 11 1985
Last Modified:Tue Jun 03 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:603
Total number of notes:4325

311.0. "The Final Voyage of 'Vasa'..." by STKSMA::AHLGREN (My God, It's full of stars!!) Wed Dec 14 1988 05:46

On the 6th of December 1988 the ship called 'Vasa' made it's final
journey. It's one of the most well known ships in the world even
though that it has never left the Stockholm Harbour! The Final voyage
took place when the ship was moved from the current museum where it
has been for the last 27 years to the new museum where it will be resting
permanently.

What is the history around Vasa?

In the beginning of the 17th century Sweden was one of the greatest powers
in Europe. Sweden had made the Baltic almost totally Swedish. Finland,
Lettland, Litauen and Estland was all part of the Swedish Kingdom. King
Gustav II Adolf participated in the 30 year war with several armies. 

In the year 1625 it was decided to build a great war-ship. The name should 
be Vasa to honour the Kings Great-Great Grandfather that united Sweden and
broke loose from Denmark. The building started at one of the big shipyards
in Stockholm. But Kings has a habit of changing their mind, and after
the construction had started the king ordered that there should be an extra
cannon deck on the ship. Unfortunately this would totally ruin the stabilizing
of the ship, but you don't tell a king that he is wrong.

In the spring of 1628 the ship was finished, it was one of the largest
war-ships of it's time with no less than 54 cannons. The problems caused
by the extra deck was still there though, but neglected...

On a warm summer day in 1628 it was time for Vasa's first journey. The Ship
left 'Skeppsbron', fired its salute, and set sail. When it had set four (!)
sails the catastrophe happened, the ship started to Wrench and water started
to poor in through the lowest cannon deck. Within one minute the ship sank
and the only thing that could be seen was the tops of the mast-heads.  A couple
of hundred soldiers and sailors lost their lifes.

During the next twenty years divers succeded in rescuing about 40 cannons,
but after that nobody cared about the wreck, until 1956 (328 years later)
the ship was found again by a man called Franz�n. In 1961 they succeded
in surfacing the ship again and place it in a museum.

What is now so special about this ship :

1. It is one of the oldest ships in the world that has been restored and
   can be seen...

2. The water in The baltic sea (Mixture of Salt and 'Sweet') does not suit
   'ship-worms'. They where able to restore almost to original shape, even
   though it had been under water for over 300 years!

3. Since it sank when it was new, scientists have gotten a unique view
   on how life onboard was in the 17th century.

4. Grand failures are always intresting...

Paul.
    
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311.1A must for visitorsTLE::SAVAGENeil, @Spit BrookWed Dec 14 1988 10:474
    Thanks for giving the 'Vasa' a note of its own, Paul. Heretofore,
    the only mention of this remarkable find has been in Note 235.2
    where I indicated that it was a MUST SEE for any visitor to Stockholm.
    It is one of the most popular attractions in all of Scandinavia.
311.2Sorry about that...AQUA::FOSSUMWed Dec 28 1988 15:2310
    I can't resist:
    
    	Question: How do you sink a Swedish battleship?
    
    	Answer: You launch it.
    
    	Question: Why do the new Swedish battleships have glass bottom
    boats?
    
    	Answer: So they can watch the old Swedish battleships.
311.3Comment with a few detailsTLE::SAVAGEMon Feb 03 1992 14:1825
    From: [email protected] (raymond thomas pierrehumbert)
    Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
    Subject: Re: VASA
    Date: 31 Jan 92 05:09:37 GMT
    Sender: [email protected] (News System)
    Organization: University of Chicago Computing Organizations
 
 
    Of course, the Royal Shipwright knew perfectly well how to design a
    seaworthy vessel.  The Wasa sunk because the King, over the 
    shipwright's most strenuous objections, insisted on a third cannon-
    deck, which made the ship top-heavy. On its maiden voyage, a mild wind
    tilted it, and water poured into the cannon ports and that was the end. 
    
 
    At the Wasamuseet, there is a wonderful computer simulation of the
    stability of the Wasa, where you can experiment with putting cannons on
    the upper deck until the thing flips.
 
    Life on one of these ships must have been pretty miserable.  Made of
    tarred wood and full of gunpowder, they were terrified of fire.  The
    only fires allowed on board were one under the general stew-pot, and a
    small heater in the Captain's cabin (and even the officers had to sleep
    in watches, because there weren't enough bunks to go around.)
 
311.4More detailsTLE::SAVAGEWed Feb 05 1992 11:4767
    Article: 9689
    From: [email protected] (Robert Lindh)
    Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
    Subject: Re: VASA & Swedish Quality Engineering (tm)
    Date: 1 Feb 92 16:32:49 GMT
    Sender: [email protected]
    Organization: Ericsson Telecom AB
 
    In article <[email protected]> [email protected]
    writes:

   >
   >It was several years since I visited the Vasa musem (hm, I probably ought
   >to visit the new one when I get back to Stockholm), but I think that a
   >sizeable part of the crew drowned when Vasa sunk. She sunk rather quickly,
   >mind you. I think that the survival percentage on the lower decks was
   >approximately zero.
   >

    If I remember correctly, approximately 5-15 people died when Wasa sunk.
    (It was only sailors on board, the soldiers was not yet on board.
 
    Concerning why Wasa sunk: She was too top-heavy, sure. The king,
    Gustavus Adolphus, ordered her to built with an extra gun-deck on top,
    possibly because his spies had told him that Denmark was building a
    ship with two gun-decks or was planning to do so.

    At the time (1628), Denmark and Sweden often were at war with each
    other, fighting over the supremacy of the Baltic Sea. (So was Sweden
    and Russia, Sweden and Poland, Poland and Russia? ...)     
 
    I also seem to remember that no ship of this size had ever been built
    in Sweden before Wasa and that the main designer of Wasa (Master
    Hendrik) was 

    1) old and somewhat sick when Wasa was ordered

    2) died during the building of Wasa, one of his collegues continued as
       good as he could to supervise the building afterwards
 
    One of things they show in the film at the museum is the conclusions
    from the investigation after the event. It was something like this:
 
    "Now a scape-goat had to be found.
 
    First, the ship-builder was called in, and asked why he has built the
    ship so narrow and badly.

    To that he answered, that he had built the ship according to the plans
    given to him by Master Hendrik, and all people said it was well built.
 
    Since Master Hendrik was dead and no one of the others could be pressed
    to confess to anything, the case was closed and no one was held
    responsible."
 
    The admiral in charge of the fleet did make some tests before Wasa left
    the quay. They showed clearly that something was very wrong indeed. (He
    had to stop the test after only a few seconds after it was started,
    otherwise Wasa would have sunk at the quay.)

    He is quoted as having said: "Oh, if only his royal majesty was at
    home." (The king was in Poland or Germany, leading the Swedish army in
    battle.)
 
    A visit to the museum I think is a must if you visit Stockholm.
 
    Standard disclaimer: "Only my personal opinion, of course."
311.5Another ship exhibit of historic interestTLE::SAVAGEMon Feb 10 1992 15:0327
    From: [email protected] (Wolfgang Diestelkamp)
    Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
    Subject: Re: Kronan
    Date: 5 Feb 92 11:22:25 GMT
    Sender: [email protected]
    Organization: GMD-FIRST, Berlin
 
    In article <[email protected]> [email protected] (Bertil Jonell)
    writes:
 
  >     I think that is correct, but the Vasa (not the Wasa, btw) didn't have a
  >   full combat crew onboard when it sank. Likewise it wasn't provisioned and
  >   lacked many other things that a standard warship carried when they were
  >   out on a mission in that age.
 
  >     This is why the excavation of the Kronan, a ship that sank in combat
  >   against the Danes(?) after a powder room explosion, was so important.
 
    Good point; it is really interesting to see it and I found the
    exhibition in "Kalmar Laensmuseet" better than the Vasa exhibition in
    Stockholm (well, at least more impressive, they have excavated lots and
    lots of equipment etc.)

   --
   Wolfgang Diestelkamp
   [email protected]
   [email protected]