Conference turris::scandia

    Here are the average air temperatures for some Swedish cities [taken
    from the reference section of Berlitz's "Swedish for Travelers"]
    
    		Gothenburg	Stockholm	�stersund	Haparanda
    
    January	 -  1.1		 -  2.9		 -  8.4		 - 10.6
    April	 +  5.6		 +  4.4		 +  1.2		 -  0.9
    July	 + 17.0		 + 17.8	 	 + 14.7		 + 16.3
    October	 +  8.8		 +  7.1		 +  3.8	         +  2.1 

    Average daytime temperatures for Scandinavian capital cities, degrees
    Fahrenheit [from the brochure, "This time in Scandinavia"]:
    
    	    Copenhagen	 Helsinki   Reykjavik    Oslo	 Stockholm
 
    Jan		32	   23		31	  25	    27
    Feb		32	   24		32	  26	    27
    Mar		35	   33		35	  32	    30
    Apr		44	   44		36	  41	    39
    May		53	   58		44	  51	    49
    Jun		60	   68		49	  60	    58
    Jul		64	   70		52	  64	    63
    Aug		63	   67		51	  61	    60
    Sep		57	   57		48	  53	    53
    Oct		49	   46		41	  42	    43
    Nov		42	   35		37	  33	    35
    Dec		37	   27		37	  27	    29

    The Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia (UEA) has
    looked in detail at global and regional temperature trends over the 20
    years from 1967 to 1986, and has discovered a cooling trend over a
    large part of Europe that runs counter to the global warming trend. 
    
    Over Scandinavia, mean temperatures fell by about 0.6�C -- at a time
    when the northern hemisphere as a whole warmed by 0.31�C. Scandinavia
    is nearly a degree "out of step" with its surroundings. 
    
    These figures are based on data from recording stations on land. UEA
    researchers point out that the regions of cooling are all on the edges
    of oceans. In fact, the warming in the northern hemisphere has been
    restricted largely to the continental interiors, while large areas of
    the north Atlantic and north Pacific Oceans have cooled down. 

    This difference between land and ocean may reflect the swift response
    of the land to the greenhouse effect. Alternatively, it may show some
    natural change in the climate over the oceans unrelated to -- and
    counteracting -- the greenhouse warming. 

    Last winter was mild in northern Europe and it is possible that, as the
    overall warming trend continues, the oceans may begin to catch up with
    the land. In that case it would become hotter rather suddenly in
    Scandinavia during the 1990s, bringing this region in line with the
    changes that have already occurred in the heart of Eurasia and in
    Africa. 

    From: [email protected] (Thomas Kalla)
    Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
    Subject: Climate change...
    Date: 21 Feb 90 12:47:38 GMT
    Organization: TeleLOGIC AB, Lulea, Sweden
 
 
    Has anyone out there noticed the climate change that is going on right
    now?
 
    Up here in Lulea, we've had 3-4 weeks of spring weather with day
    temperatures of around +5 degrees centigrades. We've even had a couple
    of rain showers during this period. Rain fall in february! Hey that's
    crazy... :-/ 
 
    Rain up here in the north at this time of year used to be a very
    unlikely (almost impossible) thing to happen by my standards, but I
    guess I have to change. Normally (according to meterological	
    statistics) we should be in the middle of the coldest part of the	
    winter, with temperatures falling down to -35 degrees centigrades and
    lots of snow...
 
    And this is the second winter in a row that the weather situation up
    here at this time of year just ain't what it's used to be.
 
    It's not just in Sweden that the weather has been somewhat different	
    these last years. Down in the Swiss and Austrian alps, the ski resorts	
    have serious problems with the lack of snow. On more southern lati-	
    tudes, monsunes and rain periods have been shifted in time these	
    last years.
 
    One can just speculate in whether this change of climate has natural	
    causes, or if it's due to the pollution of the air caused by man	
    (the so called green house effect). I guess time will tell...
  
 
	Thomas Kalla
	TeleLOGIC AB
	Lulea Sweden
 
	e-mail: [email protected]

    From: [email protected] (Dag Stenberg, Univ of Helsinki, Finland)
    Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
    Subject: Re: Climate change...
    Date: 25 Feb 90 11:26:21 GMT
    Organization: University of Helsinki
 
In article <[email protected]>, [email protected] (Thomas Kalla) writes:
> 	Has anyone out there noticed the climate change that is going
> 	on right now?
>  ........
> 	And this is the second winter in a row that the weather situation
> 	up here at this time of year just ain't what it's used to be.

--

    The Nordic countries, being sparsely populated, with quite some reserve
    agricultural capacity despite the climate, should be interested in
    possible reasons for large-scale migrations of people.
 
    Two current reasons are:

    - the ongoing reorganisation in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union,
    possibly creating pressure for movements of millions of people

    - environmental changes due to climatic factors or pollution. Large
    areas of densely populated land have already become virtually
    uninhabitable due to drying out and loss of soil (Soviet Union), and an
    unstable political situation might trigger migration. A possible
    green-house effect might not be the most imminent trigger, but could
    contribute.
 
    On the other hand, I am not convinced that we have a greenhouse effect
    - just yet. (I admit that we should already have started to do
    something to prevent it). Here in the Helsinki area we are having the
    third warm winter in a row, but that of 1987 was a record cold one,
    second maybe only to that of the Winter War (1940) in man-memory. As
    far as I know, we are just having "normal" albeit large fluctuations in
    temperature.
 
    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Dag Stenberg				[email protected]
    Department of Physiology		        [email protected]
    University of Helsinki			tlx: 100125 finuh sf
    Helsinki, Finland		         	fax: int.+358-0-1918366
					        tel: int+358-0-1918532
    -----------------------------------------------------------------

    From: [email protected] (Karl-Gunnar Hultland)
    Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
    Subject: Re: storm
    Date: 3 Mar 90 10:36:11 GMT
    Organization: University of Lulea, Sweden
 
In article <[email protected]> [email protected] (David Walden) writes:
>
>	   How did the Scandinavian countries fare in the recent storm?
>	I've seen video clips on TV of the damage in England, France and
>	West Germany, but nothing about Scandinavia.  I would guess that
>	Denmark got hit pretty hard (and Holland, too).  How about
>	southern Norway and western Sweden?
 
    The strange thing is that Sweden almost never suffers bad from storms.
    Yes a few(~50000) households are without power a few hours some trees
    falls down on powerlines/roads but almost never any fatal accidents.
    First we see vast destruction in Britain and France then they tell us
    the storm will hit us with almost the same magnitude and a few hours
    later I wonder what the difference are between us and Britain, since we
    are not as affected as them.
 
				Karl
 
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
| Karl 'Dixie' Hultland |     email: [email protected]                       |
| University of Lulea   |          : {uunet,mcvax}!sunic.se!sm.luth.se!d87-khd|
| Sweden                | Snailmail: Mjolkuddsv. 63-5, S-95157 Lulea Sweden   |
|=======================| Voice nat: 0920-15479                               |
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|=============================================================================|
|       If two people agree on EVERYTHING , one of them is OBSOLETE!!         |
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
    From: [email protected] (Olle Jarnefors)
    Subject: Global or local warming?
    Organization: Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
    Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1993 16:00:11 GMT
 
    In most places in Sweden the five years 1988-1992 was the warmest five
    year period ever recorded.  For Stockholm continuous observations of
    temperature go back to 1756.  The average mean temperature for the year
    is in Stockholm 6.6oC. 1988-1992 it was 7.8 degrees.  The next warmest
    five year periods were 1971-1975, 7.6, and 1934-1938, 7.5.  Coldest
    recorded period was 1784-1788 with 4.6 degrees.  (Coldest year was
    1867, 3.2 degrees, causing the last famine in Sweden. Warmest year
    1985, 8.5.
 
    --
    Olle Jarnefors, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
    <[email protected]>
 

    I'm hoping that the warming trend continues at least through June.  I
    will be travelling throughout Scandinavia via motorcycle for three
    weeks.  I believe we'll remain in the southern part of the area.  I've
    been told the temperature will range from 10 - 25 C.  That should be
    warm enough.  I only hope the rain stays away for most of the time. 
    What are the chances of getting a fairly rain-free three weeks?
    
    Sue

    Re: .8:
    
    >What are the chances of getting a fairly rain-free three weeks?
    
    About the same as getting 3 weeks rain-free in the State of Maine, I'd
    say. Bring your rain gear just in case.  Buy a nice sweater (Amer.
    English) or jumper (Brit. English).
    
    It sounds as if you are going to be in Scandinavia during Midsummer. 
    That's a bit like being in New Orleans or Rio de Janero during "Fat
    Tuesday" - without the fancy parade costumes, see Note 113.

    re: last -
    
    Thanks for the input.  I always travel prepared for any type of
    weather.  As long as we don't get 2 1/2 weeks of rain, I'll be happy.
    
    Sue

    Newsgroups: alt.journalism,soc.culture.nordic                          
    From: [email protected] (Anders Engwall)
    Subject: Re: Seasonal Variants (was Re: What did I miss?)
    Sender: [email protected]
    Organization: Ellemtel Telecom Systems Labs, Stockholm, Sweden
    Date: Mon, 28 Jun 1993 11:20:19 GMT
 
    I just happen to have a table of sunrise/sunset throughout the year for
    a number of Swedish cities. Let's see... Lule�:
 
 Date		Sun-	Sun-	Hrs/day of
		rise	set	daylight
 June 15	1.23	23.43	22.20
 December 15	9.55	12.58	 3.03
  
    I can assure you that you almost notice this change from day to day.
 
    For comparison, here are the figures for Lund, which is the most
    southern city in the table and also happens to be where Kurt is living:
 
 Date		Sun-	Sun-	Hrs/day of
		rise	set	daylight
 June 15	4.34	21.37	17.03
 December 15	8.33	15.32	 6.59
 
 
 -- 
 Anders Engwall				Email: [email protected]
 ELLEMTEL Utvecklings AB			Voice: +46 8 727 3893
 �lvsj�, Sweden				Fax: +46 8 727 42 20
 "H�ll dom, som brygger puns ock ger pyanlektionor." -- C.A. Toll�n, 1899

    =======================================================================
             STOCKHOLM (Reuter) - Swedes, more used to dealing with snow
    storms and freezing temperatures, are having to cope with forest
    fires and sweating salmon in an unusually hot summer.
             More than 30 small forest fires are raging in the south
    after over a month of temperatures of around 30 degrees
    centigrade (86 degrees Fahrenheit).
             In the country's fish farms, a major industry in Sweden,
    owners are having to pump in cold water because the Baltic Sea,
    whose waters usually vary between chilly and freezing, has
    warmed up to levels that endanger salmon.
             Peter Johansson, a salmon farmer near Karlskrona in
    southwest Sweden, said shallow water fish farms meant salmon
    could not escape to the chilly depths of the sea to escape the
    heat.
             Johansson said he was pumping cold water into his fish ponds
    to keep his salmon alive.
             Sweden's summer is often warm but usually brief.
    Meteorologists say the 1994 summer has already been longer and
    hotter than usual, with no sign of an end.
             After one of the coldest winters in Scandinavia for many
    years, Swedes are not complaining.

    From: Torkel Franzen <[email protected]>
    To: International Swedish Interest discussion list
    	<SWEDE-L%[email protected]>
    
      This is now the hottest July since the 18th century (which is to
    say, since the beginning of the statistics kept by the weather bureau).
    Temperatures of 30 to 34 degrees centigrade are of course not very
    high compared to those common in places that are hot most of the time,
    but heat is relative, and here this is plenty hot.

From: [email protected] (Svante Wendel)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
Subject: God Jul och Gott Nytt �r
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 1995 14:51:00 GMT
Organization: Wendel Konsult
 
Well friends it seems like we're going to have something as unusual as a
white Christmas this year. Last night we got about 6 inches of snow, more
than we've had for many years..... I even had to look for my snow shovel,
that has been hidden in my garage for many years now.
 
Sweden is a long country, with a number of different climate zones. People
elsewhere seem to think that winter everywhere in Sweden is like winter in
Canada, but it isn't.
 
Where we live, in the province of Scania in the far south of Sweden, climate
(judged by the plants that grow here) is more like Tennessee, or even
northern Georgia. In our garden we grow big hardy Hibiscus-bushes, covered
with flowers every August and September, we also grow trumpet vine, and
different kinds of trees not normally associated with Sweden. Honeysuckle
(kaprifol) can be found wild in our forests, and so on. 
 
This means that snow is rare. Usually we get no more than half an inch of
snow for a day or two once or twice each winter. The latest "real" winter in
Scania was the winter of 1978-1979. My three children, aged 14, 12 and 7,
have hardly seen any snow around here, and we have had no white Christmas for
many years.
 
Until now.....
 
So,
from all of us to all of you
 
A VERY MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY NEW YEAR
 
Svante, Eva, Sofia, Jacob & Josefin Wendel
Malm�, Sweden 

    From: Christina Adams <[email protected]>
    To: List for those interested in things Swedish 
    
    The West Coast (Gothenburg) reported lots of rain and strong winds, all
    the ferries to and from Frefrikshavn (Denmark) and Gothenburg were
    cancelled.
    
    Varmland had snow (Mother reported) nasty winds, the Military was on
    alert, to prevent what happened before Christmas....
    
    My mother also pointed out that hearing about my Daffodils blooming was
    not any comfort, more an insult!
    
                            Christina Adams, Phoenix.