| > pen name vs. nom de plume
"nom de plume" is a "Frenchified" English phrase, i.e. the original
was "pen name" and someone way back turned this into "nom de plume",
which is not a phrase the French use. They use "nom de guerre",
literally "war name".
John
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| English seldom borrows a word to replace an existing one -- if the
loan word overlaps with an existing phrase, different shades of
meaning develop. The classic example of this is the way we
absorbed the Norman French words for farm animals -- boeuf,
mouton, etc. The anglo-celtic-saxons already had perfectly good
words like cow and sheep, so the foreign words took on the meaning
of "cooked cow" (beef), "cooked sheep" (mutton), and so on.
If the foreign word represents a useful concept, it will either be
absorbed and treated as an English word -- peristroika might
develop a verb, perstroikize -- or its translation will be more
commonly used, as with thought experiment. You'd see the form
"gedankeneksperiment" only in articles attempting to impress their
readers with their academic seriousness.
--bonnie
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