[Search for users] [Overall Top Noters] [List of all Conferences] [Download this site]

Conference rusure::math

Title:Mathematics at DEC
Moderator:RUSURE::EDP
Created:Mon Feb 03 1986
Last Modified:Fri Jun 06 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:2083
Total number of notes:14613

2022.0. "Pentagon of minimum area" by JOBURG::BUCHANAN () Fri Dec 22 1995 00:43

    What is the smallest area that a pentagon can have, if each side is of
    unit length?
    
    	(a) Is the "intuitively obvious" answer the correct one?
    
    	(b) If so, can it be shown without calculus?
    
    Andrew
T.RTitleUserPersonal
Name
DateLines
2022.1AUSSIE::GARSONachtentachtig kacheltjesFri Dec 22 1995 01:345
    re .0
    
    I guess the intuitively obvious answer is that two sides are pinched
    together until the pentagon degenerates into an equilateral triangle
    (of area sqrt(3)/4).
2022.2Christmas harbingerHERON::BUCHANANSun Dec 24 1995 01:046
    re .1
    
    	The triangle was my first intuitively most obvious solution, but
    then my intuition came up with a better one.
    
    Andrew.
2022.3HANNAH::OSMANsee HANNAH::IGLOO$:[OSMAN]ERIC.VT240Tue Dec 26 1995 11:3212
I folded an index card into approximately 5 even sections, then viewed
it from edge to see pentagon segments.

Playing with it, my idea for minimal is similar to the triangle idea.

Except, instead of pinching two sides, fold them in concave first.  Boy
I wish we had sketching ability in this dumb notes system.

Anyway, the thing looks a bit like a letter C.

/Eric
2022.4AUSSIE::GARSONachtentachtig kacheltjesTue Jan 02 1996 21:4311
    re .3
    
    We do have sketching ability. Just go into DECwrite, draw up your
    diagram and post it. Notes will understand. (Unfortunately as I'm on a
    Mac I won't be able to see the diagram.)
    
    Do you mean *like* a letter M with a line across the bottom or
    alternatively two congruent isosceles triangles with the equal sides
    all of the length 1 and the base of each length 1/2 ? If so, I make the
    area sqrt(15)/8 which is slightly more than what I posted...or did I
    misunderstand your configuration or screw up with the area calculation?
2022.5No calculus, but a handwaveWIBBIN::NOYCEEV5 issues 4 instructions per meterWed Jan 03 1996 09:5123
>    	(b) If so, can it be shown without calculus?

	_                    _
	|     /\      /\     |
	h1   /  \    /  \   h2
	|   /    \  /    \   |
	|  /   x  \/  1-x \  |
	- ------------------ -

Consider a configuration that has two triangles, each using part of a unit
base.  One triangle has a base of x and a height of h1, and the other has
a base of 1-x and a height of h2.  Assume WLOG that x>=1/2, so that h1<=h2.

	       x*h1 + (1-x)*h2
	area = --------------- >= h1/2
	              2

It is "obvious" that h1 is minimized when x=1, and then the area is exactly
equal to h1/2 (since the other triangle has area h2*(1-x) = 1*0 = 0).

How do we count area for non-simple polyhedrons?  If you take the configuration
with two isosceles triangles, and flip one over, do you get to negate its
area, so the total is zero?
2022.6naive definition of areaJOBURG::BUCHANANWed Jan 03 1996 20:459
    Re -.1
    
    
    	Define area to be that space enclosed by the polygon. So no
    negative areas, and no areas with multiplicity > 1.
    
    
    Cheers,
    Andrew.
2022.7pentagramTPOVC::BUCHANANA small bird called OfflogicTue Mar 19 1996 06:0113
    	The area of a regular pentagram is smaller than that of an equilateral
    triangle of the same side length. But there's just a couple of per cent
    in it.
    
    	I think that I can prove that the minimum area shape must be some
    kind of pentagram, by showing that given any pentagon which is not a
    pentagram, one can reduce the area by "flipping" two edges.
    
	But I don't have any neat way of showing that the regular pentagram
    then minimizes the area of what I've got left.
    
    Regards,
    Andrew.