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Conference rusure::math

Title:Mathematics at DEC
Moderator:RUSURE::EDP
Created:Mon Feb 03 1986
Last Modified:Fri Jun 06 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:2083
Total number of notes:14613

1616.0. "'Close' square roots" by TRACE::GILBERT (Ownership Obligates) Tue May 26 1992 18:56

    Let {x} be the fractional part of x.  What is the smallest non-zero value
    of {sqrt(m)} - {sqrt(n)}, where m and n positive integers less than 10^6?
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1616.1A start...CHOVAX::YOUNGEschew TurfTue May 26 1992 21:004
    I get
    		0.00000050005000876...
    
    --  Barry
1616.2GUESS::DERAMODan D'Eramo, zfc::deramoWed May 27 1992 12:4519
        If you write m as k^2 + i then { sqrt(m) } is
        sqrt(m) - k which when multiplied by (sqrt(m) + k)/(sqrt(m) + k)
        becomes i/(sqrt(m) + k) = i/(sqrt(k^2 + i) + k).
        
        You can get {sqrt(m)} and {sqrt(n)} very close to each
        other by taking i=1 so that {sqrt(m)} = 1/(sqrt(k^2 + 1) + k)
        Now double both numerator and denominator to get the
        (equal) value 2/(sqrt((2k)^2 + 4) + 2k).  If you now take
        n = (2k)^2 + 2 you see that {sqrt(n)} is very close to
        that; the difference is that instead of +4 inside the
        radical it has +2.
        
        So I tried 499^2 + 1 and (2 * 499)^2 + 2 and got an
        absolute difference of a little over 5.03 * 10^-10.
        
        A computer search found a slightly smaller value which
        given the above seemed obvious in hindsight.
        
        Dan
1616.3the width of the first sliver of the moonHANNAH::OSMANsee HANNAH::IGLOO$:[OSMAN]ERIC.VT240Fri May 29 1992 17:0616
That business of "close" square roots reminds me of something I've thought
about when contemplating the moon.

We've all noticed that slight sliver of a moon that appears the first night
after the "new moon" ("new moon" is when moon is totally invisible because sun
is so close to directly behind it as to not illuminate any of it).

What I've noticed is that from month to month, the thinness of that first
sliver differs.  Some months have thinner first nights than others.  Can
we predict a pattern of which months will have thinner first slivers ?
What pattern of first sliver width exists ?

/Eric


1616.4FYI, I have an old copyVMSDEV::HALLYBFish have no concept of fire.Mon Jun 01 1992 13:1613
> What I've noticed is that from month to month, the thinness of that first
> sliver differs.  Some months have thinner first nights than others.  Can
> we predict a pattern of which months will have thinner first slivers ?
> What pattern of first sliver width exists ?
    
    Eric, you ol' lunatic, you've lurched into a solvable problem.
    MR4SRV::ASTRONOMY talks a lot about this sort of thing from an
    empirical perspective.  In particular the ASTRO program written
    by Tony Wachs (RIP) outputs the % illumination of the moon.
    Of course it does depend on your location; ASTRO was written
    for Newton MA, USA.
    
      John
1616.5howling at the moon...HANNAH::OSMANsee HANNAH::IGLOO$:[OSMAN]ERIC.VT240Mon Jun 08 1992 16:174
So what's the answer, John.  What are the sliver percentages for, say, the
12-13 new moons in 1992.  Can you read that from the program ?