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Conference rusure::math

Title:Mathematics at DEC
Moderator:RUSURE::EDP
Created:Mon Feb 03 1986
Last Modified:Fri Jun 06 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:2083
Total number of notes:14613

1582.0. "The Cow (and silo) problem" by STOHUB::SLBLUZ::BROCKUS (I'm the NRA.) Mon Mar 16 1992 18:10

I spent the last 2 weeks reading this file from the beginning, and I have a
puzzle problem for you all that I didn't see.

While I was attending U. of Illinois, a friend of mine at MIT gave me this
problem, and said it was on his homework for extra credit.  I spent the
next 2 years trying, occasionally, to solve it.  I finally came up with
a solution sometime later, but I don't have that available now.  In case it
is not readily apparent, I am no mathematician, though I can fool some
people some of the time.

A farmer has a round silo in the middle of a grassy area of radius R.  He
ties his cow to the door handle of the silo with a rope of length L.

What is the area available for grazing?

Please note that there are 2 cases, depending on whether L > pi * R or not.

I am certain I could get a numerical solution via simulation, but when I
actively worked this, I wanted an exact, symbolic solution.

Enjoy.  I'll try to find my notes on this and see if I was anywhere
close...
T.RTitleUserPersonal
Name
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1582.1GAUSS::ROTHGeometry is the real life!Mon Mar 16 1992 18:346
    Interestingly, this problem has been mentioned recently in sci.math,
    only it was a dog on a leash.

    I haven't seen the solution or attempted to solve it though.

    - Jim
1582.2AUSSIE::GARSONTue Mar 17 1992 03:233
    re .0
    
    Does 907.* help? There it was a goat.
1582.3re .2 - NOT!GAUSS::ROTHGeometry is the real life!Tue Mar 17 1992 08:280
1582.4Partial solution.CADSYS::COOPERTopher CooperTue Mar 17 1992 10:4438
As it happens, this just came through the USENET.

				Topher
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [email protected] (Dave Boyd)
Newsgroups: sci.math
Subject: Re: Dog chained to a silo.
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: 16 Mar 92 17:52:32 GMT
References: <[email protected]>
Organization: Hewlett-Packard, Greeley, CO

In sci.math, [email protected] (Dave Boyd) writes:

>     L = length of the rope
>     R = the _radius_ of the silo

>     The area is then

>              pi * L^2      L^3
>          A = --------  +  -----
>                 2          3*R

>     Dave Boyd
>     Hewlett-Packard, Greeley, Colorado
>     Standard Disclaimers Apply

     Thanks to those who have pointed out that I solved the problem
only for the case that L <= pi*R.  The original poster gave values
of L=10 and R=3.5, so I did solve his problem.

     As L gets (very) large, A should approach pi * L^2.  Maybe
someone would care to post a general solution?

     Dave Boyd
     Hewlett-Packard, Greeley, Colorado
     Standard Disclaimers Apply
1582.5BlushAUSSIE::GARSONTue Mar 17 1992 17:517
    re .3
    
    Silly me. I thought that the cow was inside the silo. After looking at
    the solution I would guess that the cow is outside the silo. This
    doesn't seem to be stated either way in .0 but on reflection I don't
    suppose most farmers keep their cows in silos. As far as I knew a silo
    is made from silicon. (-:
1582.6TRACE::GILBERTOwnership ObligatesTue Mar 17 1992 18:1462
    I found that this wasn't too hard.
    
    Below we see the silo.  The cow is tied to the barn at the '*', and has
    gone counter-clockwise, wrapping the leash around the barn.
    
    		Cow
    		 \
    		  \
    	     /-----\
    	    /	    \
    	   |	     |
    	   (	�    *
    	   |	     |
    	    \	    /
    	     \-----/
    		  
	We start the leash *tangent* to the silo, move it counter-clockwise
	until the cow touches the silo, and consider the area covered.
    	Let 't' be the angle (around the center of the silo) from the '*' to
	the point of tangency (between the leash and the silo), and let 'T'
	be the angle at which the cow meets the silo.  Let 'x(t)' and 'y(t)'
	be the cow's coordinates as a function of 't'.

	Recall that the silo's radius is R, and the leash has length L.

	Then T = 2 pi L.
	At angle t, t R of the leash is against the silo, and L - t R is in
		the field, tangent to the silo.
	The point of tangency is (R cos(t), R sin(t)).
	The cow is at (R cos(t) - (L-tR) sin(t), R sin(t) + (L-tR) cos(t)).

	We recognize this as (almost) the form: (cos(a+b),sin(a+b)); normalize
	it first by multiplying and dividing by D = sqrt(R�+(L-tR)�); the cow
	is at D (R/D cos(t) - (L-tR)/D sin(t), R/D sin(t) + (L-tR)/D cos(t)) =
	D (cos(acos(R/D)+t), sin(acos(R/D)+t), and we see it's at distance D
	from the center of the silo.

			      -
	We wish to integrate / D�/2 du around the silo, where 'u' is the angle
	to the COW; using the angle to the point of tangency would be incorrect.
	Since u = acos(R/D)+t, du = (L-tR)�/( (L-tR)� + R� ) dt.

	Int D�/2 du = Int (R�+(L-tR)�)(L-tR)�/( (L-tR)� + R� )/2 dt
		= Int (L-tR)�/2 dt = (R�t� - 3LRt� + 3L�t)/6.

	So plug in the bounds from 0 to T (T = 2 pi L) and multiply by 2,
	or use the bounds of -2 pi L to +2 pi L, and you'll get L�/(3R).

	Of course we need to add in the semicircle for which the leash isn't
	tangent at all.  That adds pi L�/2 to the area.

	And I suspect the cow has no access to the interior of the silo.
	Since the integral included it, we must subtract pi R� (L/(pi R)) = L R.

	So the cow� grazes on an area of: L�/(3R) + pi L�/2 - L R.


	Unless L > pi R, in which case we should only integrate to u = pi.
	But t is our relevant variable; we find that u = pi when
	(L-tR)/R = tan(t).  C'est domage et bon chance.

� Unless of course it was a goat.
1582.7AUSSIE::GARSONSun Mar 22 1992 22:4031
re .6

>	So plug in the bounds from 0 to T (T = 2 pi L) and multiply by 2,
>	or use the bounds of -2 pi L to +2 pi L, and you'll get L�/(3R).
>
>	Of course we need to add in the semicircle for which the leash isn't
>	tangent at all.  That adds pi L�/2 to the area.
>
>	And I suspect the cow has no access to the interior of the silo.
>	Since the integral included it, we must subtract pi R� (L/(pi R)) = L R.
>
>	So the cow grazes on an area of: L�/(3R) + pi L�/2 - L R.

re .4
    
>     L = length of the rope
>     R = the _radius_ of the silo
>
>     The area is then
>
>              pi * L^2      L^3
>          A = --------  +  -----
>                 2          3*R
    
    There seems to be a conflict between these two answers.
    
    FWIW I agree with the second answer (by algebra/calculus somewhat different
    from that in .6).
    
    I am suspicious of the answer of .6. Consider the case R=1, L small, say
    0.01. The area will be negative???
1582.8The Missing TriangleVAXRT::BRIDGEWATEREclipsing the pastTue Mar 24 1992 13:398
re: .7

.4 is correct for L <= pi*R.  The mistake in .6 is that the area in the
triangular area formed by the center of the silo and the two endpoints of
the semicircle was never added in.  This area is 0.5 * 2*L * R = L*R which
cacels the -L*R term in .6.

- Don
1582.9AUSSIE::GARSONTue Mar 31 1992 22:1216
re .8
    
>The mistake in .6 is that the area in the triangular area formed by the center
>of the silo and the two endpoints of the semicircle was never added in. This
>area is 0.5 * 2*L * R = L*R which cancels the -L*R term in .6.
    
    Yep, that's it.

re .6
    
>But t is our relevant variable; we find that u = pi when
>(L-tR)/R = tan(t).  C'est dommage et bon chance.
    
    Indeed this can't be solved for t in closed form using 'conventional'
    trig functions. However it can be seen that as L->oo, t->pi/2 and this
    makes the total area/(pi L�) -> 1 as is intuitively reasonable.