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Conference rusure::math

Title:Mathematics at DEC
Moderator:RUSURE::EDP
Created:Mon Feb 03 1986
Last Modified:Fri Jun 06 1997
Last Successful Update:Fri Jun 06 1997
Number of topics:2083
Total number of notes:14613

416.0. "Equivalent sets of points" by TOOLS::STAN () Thu Dec 26 1985 16:36

Jacob Goodman asks an interesting question in the current issue
of the Journal of Algorithms, 6(1985)286:

Problem 85-6: Call two sets [P1,P2,...,Pn] and [Q1,Q2,...,Qn] of points in
the Euclidean plane equivalent if - for every triple  i,j,k - Pi, Pj, Pk are
clockwise if and only if Qi, Qj, Qk are clockwise.  How many equivalence
classes are there?

-------------------------
Anyone interested in writing a program, that for a given n, will
generate all configurations of n points?
T.RTitleUserPersonal
Name
DateLines
416.1(n-2)! * 2^(n-2)JOBURG::BUCHANANdodging lions and wasting timeTue Oct 24 1995 08:3639
    Assume that no three points lie on a straight line. [Surely the worthy 
    Mr Goodman didn't intend that we fiddle around with collinear sets of 
    points.]
    
    Let <a,b,c> = 1 iff a,b,c are clockwise
    	   else = -1 (iff a,b,c are anticlockwise)
    
    Then <a,b,c> = <b,c,a> = - <a,c,b>, etc.
    
    Consider four points, a,b,c,d. The convex hull will either be a
    quadrilateral or a triangle. By examining 6+2=8 different labellings, it is 
    easy to see that:
    	
    	<a,b,c> = majority{ <a,b,d>, <b,c,d>, <c,a,d> }
    
    where majority{x,x,x} = majority{x,x,-x} = x, etc. You get the idea.
    
    This means that the n-choose-3 values of <a,b,c> are determined by the 
    n-choose-2 values of <a,b,z> for some fixed point z.
    
    Put z wlog at the origin, put a wlog at (1,0). Then the only variables
    which remain are the angles azb.
    
    Suppose that we have n points drawn already. These divide up the plane
    into 2(n-1) segments. There are 2(n-1) different equivalence classes
    possible, depending on where the n+1th point is deposited.
    
    If F(n) is the number of equivalence classes, then 
    	F(n) = 2*(n-2)*F(n-1). 
    	F(2) = 1.
    So:
    	F(n) = (n-2)! * 2^(n-2)
    
    I'm not sure that Stan's request to draw representatives of the 
    equivalence classes is now very illuminating, since there is a clear
    recursive construction.
    
    Cheers,
    Andy.