| The Science Fiction Achievement Award(tm), also known as the Hugo
Award(R), is given annually by the World Science Fiction Society(R)
(WSFS(R)). The distinguishing characteristics of the Hugo Award are that
it is sponsored by WSFS, administered by the committee of the World Science
Fiction Convention(R) (Worldcon(R)) held that year, and determined by
nominations from and a popular vote of the membership of WSFS. In general,
a Hugo award given in a particular year is for work that appeared in the
previous calendar year.
The listing below includes the Hugos and three other types of awards:
the Campbell Award, Special Awards, and the Gandalf Award.
The John W. Campbell Memorial Award for the Best New Writer is
administered by the Worldcon Committee and determined by the same
nomination and voting mechanism as the Hugo but was originally sponsored by
Conde Nast Publications. In 1979 sponsorship of the Campbell award was
assumed by Davis Publications who currently sponsor it.
Special Awards are determined directly by the Worldcon Committee without
any popular nominations or vote.
The Gandalf Award was an award which, like the Campbell Award, was
administered by the Worldcon Committee and determined by the Hugo
nomination and voting mechanism. It was sponsored by Lin Carter and
S.A.G.A.
Present WSFS rules allow the Hugo nomination and voting mechanisms to be
used only for the Hugo Award and the Campbell Award.
1953
Novel: "The Demolished Man" by Alfred Bester
Professional Magazine: Galaxy and Astounding (tie)
Excellence in Fact Articles: Willy Ley
Cover Artist: Ed Emshwiller and Hannes Bok (tie)
Interior Illustrator: Virgil Finlay
New SF Author or Artist: Philip Jose Farmer
Number 1 Fan Personality: Forrest J Ackerman
1954
No Awards Given
1955
Novel: "They'd Rather Be Right" by Mark Clifton and Frank Riley
Novelette: "The Darfsteller" by Walter M. Miller, Jr.
Short Story: "Allamagoosa" by Eric Frank Russell
Magazine: Astounding
Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Fan Magazine: Fantasy Times (James V. Taurasi, Sr. and Ray Van Houten,
eds.)
Special Award: Sam Moskowitz as "Mystery Guest" and for his work on
past conventions
1956
Novel: "Double Star" by Robert A. Heinlein
Novelette: "Exploration Team" by Murray Leinster
Short Story: "The Star" by Arthur C. Clarke
Feature Writer: Willy Ley
Magazine: Astounding
Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Fanzine: Inside & Science Fiction Advertiser (Ron Smith, ed.)
Most Promising New Author: Robert Silverberg
Book Reviewer: Damon Knight
1957
American Professional Magazine: Astounding
British Professional Magazine: New Worlds
Fan Magazine: Science Fiction Times (James V. Taurasi, Ray Van
Houten, and Frank Prieto, eds.)
1958
Novel or Novelette: "The Big Time" by Fritz Leiber
Short Story: "Or All the Seas With Oysters" by Avram Davidson
Outstanding Movie: The Incredible Shrinking Man
Magazine: Fantasy and Science Fiction
Outstanding Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Outstanding Actifan: Walter A. Willis
1959
Novel: "A Case of Conscience" by James Blish
Novelette: "The Big Front Yard" by Clifford D. Simak
Short Story: "That Hell-Bound Train" by Robert Bloch
SF or Fantasy Movie: No Award
Professional Magazine: Fantasy & Science Fiction
Professional Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Amateur Magazine: Fanac (Ron Ellik and Terry Carr, eds.)
New Author of 1958: No Award (but Brian W. Aldiss received a plaque as
runner-up)
1960
Novel: "Starship Troopers" by Robert A. Heinlein
Short Fiction: "Flowers for Algernon" by Daniel Keyes
Dramatic Presentation: The Twilight Zone
Professional Magazine: Fantasy & Science Fiction
Professional Artist: Ed Emshwiller
Fanzine: Cry of the Nameless (F.M. and Elinor Busby, Burnett Toskey,
and Wally Weber, eds.)
Special Award: Hugo Gernsback as "The Father of Magazine Science Fiction"
1961
Novel: "A Canticle for Leibowitz" by Walter M. Miller, Jr.
Short Fiction: "The Longest Voyage" by Poul Anderson
Dramatic Presentation: The Twilight Zone
Professional Magazine: Astounding/Analog
Professional Artist: Ed Emshwiller
Fanzine: Who Killed Science Fiction? (Earl Kemp, ed.)
1962
Novel: "Stranger in a Strange Land" by Robert A. Heinlein
Short Fiction: the "Hothouse" series by Brian W. Aldiss
Dramatic Presentation: The Twilight Zone
Professional Magazine: Analog
Professional Artist: Ed Emshwiller
Fanzine: Warhoon (Richard Bergeron, ed.)
Special Awards:
Cele Goldsmith for editing Amazing and Fantastic
Donald H. Tuk for The Handbook of Science Fiction and Fantasy
Fritz Leiber and the Hoffman Electronic Corp. for the use of
science fiction in advertisements
1963
Novel: "The Man in the High Castle" by Philip K. Dick
Short Fiction: "The Dragon Masters" by Jack Vance
Dramatic Presentation: No Award
Professional Magazine: Fantasy & Science Fiction
Professional Artist: Roy G. Krenkel
Amateur Magazine: Xero (Richard and Pat Lupoff, eds.)
Special Awards:
P. Schuyler Miller for book reviews in Analog
Isaac Asimov for science articles in Fantasy & Science Fiction
1964
Novel: "Way Station" by Clifford Simak
Short Fiction: "No Truce With Kings" by Poul Anderson
Professional Magazine: Analog
Professional Artist: Ed Emshwiller
SF Book Publisher: Ace Books
Amateur Magazine: Amra (George Scithers, ed.)
1965
Novel: "The Wanderer" by Fritz Leiber
Short Story: "Soldier, Ask Not" by Gordon R. Dickson
Special Drama: Dr. Strangelove
Magazine: Analog
Artist: John Schoenherr
Publisher: Ballantine
Fanzine: Yandro (Robert and Juanita Coulson, eds.)
1966
Novel: "...And Call Me Conrad" by Roger Zelazny; and "Dune" by Frank
Herbert (tie)
Short Fiction: "'Repent, Harlequin!' Said the Ticktockman" by Harlan
Ellison
Professional Magazine: If
Professional Artist: Frank Frazetta
Amateur Magazine: ERB-dom (Camille Cazedessus, ed.)
Best All-Time Series: the "Foundation" series by Isaac Asimov
1967
Novel: "The Moon is a Harsh Mistress" by Robert A. Heinlein
Novelette: "The Last Castle" by Jack Vance
Short Story: "Neutron Star" by Larry Niven
Dramatic Presentation: "The Menagerie" (Star Trek)
Professional Magazine: If
Professional Artist: Jack Gaughan
Fanzine: Niekas (Ed Meskys and Felice Rolfe, eds.)
Fan Writer: Alexei Panshin
Fan Artist: Jack Gaughan
Special Award: CBS Television, for "21st Century"
1968
Novel: "Lord of Light" by Roger Zelazny
Novella: "Weyr Search" by Anne McCaffrey; and "Riders of the Purple Wage"
by Philip Jose Farmer (tie)
Novelette: "Gonna Roll the Bones" by Fritz Leiber
Short Story: "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" by Harlan Ellison
Dramatic Presentation: "City on the Edge of Forever" (Star Trek; by Harlan
Ellison)
Professional Magazine: If
Professional Artist: Jack Gaughan
Fanzine: Amra (George Scithers, ed.)
Fan Writer: Ted White
Fan Artist: George Barr
Special Awards:
Harlan Ellison, for "Dangerous Visions"
Gene Roddenberry, for Star Trek
1969
Novel: "Stand on Zanzibar" by John Brunner
Novella: "Nightwings" by Robert Silverberg
Novelette: "The Sharing of Flesh" by Poul Anderson
Short Story: "The Beast That Shouted Love at the Heart of the World"
by Harlan Ellison
Drama: 2001: Space Odyssey
Professional Magazine: Fantasy & Science Fiction
Professional Artist: Jack Gaughan
Fanzine: Science Fiction Review (Richard E. Geis, ed.)
Fan Writer: Harry Warner, Jr.
Fan Artist: Vaughn Bode
Special Awards: Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, and Michael Collins,
for "The Best Moon Landing Ever"
1970
Novel: "The Left Hand of Darkness" by Ursula K. Le Guin
Novella: "Ship of Shadows" by Fritz Leiber
Short Story: "Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones"
by Samuel R. Delany
Dramatic Presentation: news coverage of Apollo XI
Professional Magazine: Fantasy & Science Fiction
Professional Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Fanzine: Science Fiction Review (Richard E. Geis, ed.)
Fan Writer: Bob Tucker
Fan Artist: Tim Kirk
1971
Novel: "Ringworld" by Larry Niven
Novella: "Ill Met in Lankhmar" by Fritz Leiber
Short Story: "Slow Sculpture" by Theodore Sturgeon
Dramatic Presentation: No Award
Professional Magazine: Fantasy & Science Fiction
Professional Artist: Leo and Diane Dillon
Fanzine: Locus (Charles and Dena Brown, eds.)
Fan Writer: Richard E. Geis
Fan Artist: Alicia Austin
1972
Novel: "To Your Scattered Bodies Go" by Philip Jose Farmer
Novella: "The Queen of Air and Darkness" by Poul Anderson
Short Story: "Inconstant Moon" by Larry Niven
Dramatic Presentation: A Clockwork Orange
Professional Magazine: Fantasy and Science Fiction
Professional Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Amateur Magazine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fan Writer: Harry Warner, Jr.
Fan Artist: Tim Kirk
Special Awards: Harlan Ellison for excellence in anthologizing
("Again, Dangerous Visions")
Club du Livre d'Anticioation (France) for excellence in book production
Nueva Dimension (Spain) for excellence in magazine production
1973
Novel: "The Gods Themselves" by Isaac Asimov
Novella: "The Word for World is Forest" by Ursula K. Le Guin
Novelette: "Goat Song" by Poul Anderson
Short Story: "Eurema's Dam" by R.A. Lafferty; and "The Meeting"
by Frederik Pohl and C.M. Kornbluth (tie)
Dramatic Presentation: Slaughterhouse Five
Professional Editor: Ben Bova
Professional Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Amateur Magazine: Energumen (Mike Glicksohn and Susan Wood Glicksohn, eds.)
Fan Writer: Terry Carr
Fan Artist: Tim Kirk
Campbell Award: Jerry Pournelle
Special Award: Pierre Versins for "L'Encyclopedie de l'Utopie et de la
science fiction"
1974
Novel: "Rendezvous with Rama" by Arthur C. Clarke
Novella: "The Girl Who Was Plugged In" by James Tiptree, Jr.
Novelette: "The Deathbird" by Harlan Ellison
Short Story: "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" by Ursula K. Le Guin
Dramatic Presentation: Sleeper
Professional Editor: Ben Bova
Professional Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Amateur Magazine: Algol (Andy Porter, ed.); and The Alien Critic (Richard
E. Geis, ed.) (tie)
Fan Writer: Susan Wood
Fan Artist: Tim Kirk
Campbell Award: Spider Robinson and Lisa Tuttle (tie)
Gandalf Award (Grand Master of Fantasy): J.R.R. Tolkien
Special Award: Chesley Bonestell, for his illustrations
1975
Novel: "The Dispossessed" by Ursula K. Le Guin
Novella: "A Song for Lya" by George R.R. Martin
Novelette: "Adrift Just Off the Islets of Langerhans" by Harlan Ellison
Short Story: "The Hole Man" by Larry Niven
Dramatic Presentation: Young Frankenstein
Professional Editor: Ben Bova
Professional Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Amateur Magazine: The Alien Critic (Richard E. Geis, ed.)
Fan Writer: Richard E. Geis
Fan Artist: Bill Rotsler
Campbell Award: P.J. Plauger
Gandalf Award (Grand Master): Fritz Leiber
Special Awards:
Donald A. Wollheim, as "the fan who has done everything"
Walt Lee, for "Reference Guide to Fantastic Films"
1976
Novel: "The Forever War" by Joe Haldeman
Novella: "Home is the Hangman" by Roger Zelazny
Novelette: "The Borderland of Sol" by Larry Niven
Short Story: "Catch That Zeppelin!" by Fritz Leiber
Dramatic Presentation: A Boy and his Dog
Professional Editor: Ben Bova
Professional Artist: Frank Kelly Freas
Fanzine: Locus (Charles and Dena Brown, eds.)
Fan Writer: Richard E. Geis
Fan Artist: Tim Kirk
Campbell Award: Tom Reamy
Gandalf Award (Grand Master): L. Sprague de Camp
Special Award: James E. Gunn for "Alternate Worlds, The Illustrated History
of Science Fiction"
1977
Novel: "Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang" by Kate Wilhelm
Novella: "By Any Other Name" by Spider Robinson; and
"Houston, Houston, Do You Read?" by James Tiptree, Jr. (tie)
Novelette: "The Bicentennial Man" by Isaac Asimov
Short Story: "Tricentennial" by Joe Haldeman
Dramatic Presentation: No Award
Professional Editor: Ben Bova
Professional Artist: Rick Sternbach
Fanzine: Science Fiction Review (Richard E. Geis, ed.)
Fan Writer: Susan Wood and Richard E. Geis (tie)
Fan Artist: Phil Foglio
Campbell Award: C.J. Cherryh
Gandalf Award (Grand Master): Andre Norton
Special Award: George Lucas for "Star Wars"
1978
Novel: "Gateway" by Frederik Pohl
Novella: "Stardance" by Spider and Jeanne Robinson
Novelette: "Eyes of Amber" by Joan D. Vinge
Short Story: "Jeffty is Five" by Harlan Ellison
Dramatic Presentation: Star Wars
Professional Editor: George Scithers
Professional Artist: Rick Sternbach
Fanzine: Locus (Charles and Dena Brown, eds.)
Fan Writer: Richard E. Geis
Fan Artist: Phil Foglio
Campbell Award: Orson Scott Card
Gandalf Award (Grand Master): Poul Anderson
Gandalf Award (Book-Length Fantasy): "The Silmarillion" by J.R.R. Tolkien
(edited by Christopher Tolkien)
1979
Novel: "Dreamsnake" by Vonda McIntyre
Novella: "The Persistence of Vision" by John Varley
Novelette: "Hunter's Moon" by Poul Anderson
Short Story: "Cassandra" by C.J. Cherryh
Dramatic Presentation: Superman
Professional Editor: Ben Bova
Professional Artist: Vincent DiFate
Fanzine: Science Fiction Review (Richard E. Geis, ed.)
Fan Writer: Bob Shaw
Fan Artist: Bill Rotsler
Campbell Award: Stephen R. Donaldson
Gandalf Award (Grand Master): Ursula K. Le Guin
Gandalf Award (Book-Length Fantasy): "The White Dragon" by Anne McCaffrey
1980
Novel: "The Fountains of Paradise" by Arthur C. Clarke
Novella: "Enemy Mine" by Barry B. Longyear
Novelette: "Sandkings" by George R.R. Martin
Short Story: "The Way of Cross and Dragon" by George R.R. Martin
Non-Fiction Book: "The Science Fiction Encyclopedia" by Peter Nicholls, ed.
Dramatic Presentation: Alien
Professional Editor: George Scithers
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Fanzine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fan Writer: Bob Shaw
Fan Artist: Alexis Gilliland
Campbell Award: Barry B. Longyear
Gandalf Award (Grand Master): Ray Bradbury
1981
Novel: "The Snow Queen" by Joan Vinge
Novella: "Lost Dorsai" by Gordon R. Dickson
Novelette: "The Cloak and the Staff" by Gordon R. Dickson
Short Story: "Grotto of the Dancing Bear" by Clifford D. Simak
Non-Fiction Book: "Cosmos" by Carl Sagan
Dramatic Presentation: The Empire Strikes Back
Professional Editor: Edward L. Ferman
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Fanzine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fan Writer: Susan Wood
Fan Artist: Victoria Poyser
Campbell Award: Somtow Sucharitkul
1982
Novel: "Downbelow Station" by C.J. Cherryh
Novella: "The Saturn Game" by Poul Anderson
Novelette: "Unicorn Variation" by Roger Zelazny
Short Story: "The Pusher" by John Varley
Non-Fiction Book: "Danse Macabre" by Stephen King
Dramatic Presentation: Raiders of the Lost Ark
Professional Editor: Edward L. Ferman
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Fanzine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fan Writer: Richard E. Geis
Fan Artist: Victoria Poyser
Campbell Award: Alexis Gilliland
Special Award: Mike Glyer for "keeping the 'fan' in 'fan'zine publishing"
1983
Novel: "Foundation's Edge" by Isaac Asimov
Novella: "Souls" by Joanna Russ
Novelette: "Fire Watch" by Connie Willis
Short Story: "Melancholy Elephants" by Spider Robinson
Non-Fiction Book: "Isaac Asimov: The Foundations of Science Fiction"
by James Gunn
Dramatic Presentation: Bladerunner
Professional Editor: Edward L. Ferman
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Fanzine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fan Writer: Richard E. Geis
Fan Artist: Alexis Gilliland
Campbell Award: Paul O. Williams
1984
Novel: "Startide Rising" by David Brin
Novella: "Cascade Point" by Timothy Zahn
Novelette: "Blood Music" by Greg Bear
Short Story: "Speech Sounds" by Octavia Butler
Non-Fiction Book: "Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy, vol. III"
by Donald Tuck
Dramatic Presentation: Return of the Jedi
Professional Editor: Shawna McCarthy
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Semi-prozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: File 770 (Mike Glyer, ed.)
Fan Writer: Mike Glyer
Fan Artist: Alexis Gilliland
Campbell Award: R.A. MacAvoy
Special Awards:
Larry T. Shaw for a lifetime of service
Robert Bloch for 50 years of excellence
1985
Novel: "Neuromancer" by William Gibson
Novella: "Press Enter []" by John Varley
Novelette: "Bloodchild" by Octavia Butler
Short Story: "Crystal Spheres" by David Brin
Non-Fiction: "Wonder's Child: My Life in Science Fiction" by Jack
Williamson
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Professional Editor: Terry Carr
Dramatic Presentation: 2010
Semi-prozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: File 770 (Mike Glyer, ed.)
Fan Writer: Dave Langford
Fan Artist: Alexis Gilliland
Campbell Award: Lucius Shepard
1986
Novel: "Ender's Game" by Orson Scott Card
Novella: "Twenty-four Views of Mt. Fuji, by Hokusai" by Roger Zelazny
Novelette: "Paladin of the Lost Hour" by Harlan Ellison
Short Story: "Fermi and Frost" by Frederick Pohl
Non-Fiction: "Science Made Stupid" by Tom Weller
Dramatic Presentation: Back to the Future
Professional Editor: Judy Lynn Del Rey
[Note: This award was rejected by Lester Del Rey on the basis that she
would have objected to the award being given just because she had
recently died.]
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
[Note: Whelan announced that he is going on sabbatical and has taken
himself out of the running for one year so that someone else can win the
HUGO (he has gotten it five years consecutively).]
Semiprozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: Lan's Lantern (George Laskowski, ed.)
Fan Writer: Mike Glyer
Fan Artist: joan hanke-woods
Campbell Award: Melissa Scott
1987
Novel: "Speaker For the Dead" by Orson Scott Card
Novella: "Gilgamesh In The Outback" by Robert Silverberg
Novelette: "Permafrost" by Roger Zelazny
Short Story: "Tangents" by Greg Bear
Non-Fiction Book: "Trillion Year Spree" by Brain Aldiss with David Wingrove
Professional Editor: Terry Carr
Professional Artist: Jim Burns
Dramatic Presentation: Aliens
Semiprozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: Ansible (Dave Langford, ed.)
Fan Writer: Dave Langford
Fan Artist: Brad Foster
Campbell Award: Karen Joy Fowler
1988
Novel: "The Uplift War" by David Brin
Novella: "Eye for Eye" by Orson Scott Card
Novellette: "Buffalo Gals, Won't You Come Out Tonight" by Ursula K. Le Guin
Short Story: "Why I Left Harry's All-Night Hanburgers" by Lawrence
Watt-Evans
Non-Fiction Book: "Michael Whelan's Works of Wonder" by Michael Whelan
Professional Editor: Gardner Dozois
Artist: Michael Whelan
Dramatic Presentation: The Princess Bride
Semi-Prozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: Texas SF Inquirer (Pat Mueller, ed.)
Fan Writer: Mike Glyer
Fan Artist: Brad Foster
Other Forms: "Watchmen" by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons
Campbell Award: Judith Moffett
Special Award: The Science Fiction Oral History Association
1989
Novel: "Cyteen" by C.J. Cherryh
Novella: "The Last of the Winnebagos" by Connie Willis
Novelette: "Schrodinger's Kitten" by George Alec Effinger
Short Story: "Kirinyaga" by Mike Resnick
Professional Editor: Gardner Dozois
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Dramatic Presentation: Who Framed Roger Rabbit
Semiprozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: File 770 (Mike Glyer, ed.)
Fan Writer: Dave Langford
Fan Artist: Brad Foster and Diana Gallgher Wu (tie)
Non-Fiction: "The Motion of Light in Water" by Samuel R. Delany
Campbell Award: Michaela Roessner
1990
Novel: "Hyperion" by Dan Simmons
Novella: "The Mountains of Mourning" by Lois McMaster Bujold
Novelette: "Enter a Soldier. Later: Enter Another" by Robert Silverberg
Short Story: "Boobs" by Suzy McKee Charnas
Professional Editor: Gardner Dozois
Professional Artist: Don Maitz
Dramatic Presentation: "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade"
Semiprozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: "The Mad 3 Party" (Leslie Turek, ed.)
Fan Writer: Dave Langford
Fan Artist: Stu Shiffman
Non-Fiction: "The World Beyond the Hill" by Alexei and Cory Panshin
Campbell Award: Kristine Kathryn Rusch
Original Artwork (not a Hugo): "Rimrunners" by Don Maitz
1991
Novel: "The Vor Game" by Lois McMaster Bujold
Novella: "The Hemingway Hoax" by Joe Haldeman
Novelette: "The Manamouki" by Mike Resnick
Short Story: "Bears Discover Fire" by Terry Bisson
Professional Editor: Gardner Dozois
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Dramatic Presentation: "Edward Scissorhands"
Semiprozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: "Lan's Lantern" (George "Lan" Laskowski, ed.)
Fan Writer: David Langford
Fan Artist: Teddy Harvia
Non-Fiction: "How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy"
by Orson Scott Card
Campbell Award: Julia Ecklar
1992
Novel: "Barrayar" by Lois McMaster Bujold
Novella: "Beggars in Spain" by Nancy Kress
Novelette: "Gold" by Isaac Asimov
Short Story: "A Walk in the Sun" by Geoffrey A. Landis
Professional Editor: Gardner Dozois
Professional Artist: Michael Whelan
Best Original Artwork: Michael Whelan for the cover of "Summer Queen" by
Joan D. Vinge
Dramatic Presentation: "Terminator 2"
Semiprozine: Locus (Charles N. Brown, ed.)
Fanzine: "Mimosa" (Dick & Nicki Lynch, ed.)
Fan Writer: David Langford
Fan Artist: Brad Foster
Non-Fiction: "The World of Charles Addams" by Charles Addams
Campbell Award: Ted Chiang
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